Excessive alcohol use while on warfarin sodium (Coumadin) therapy leads to:

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Excessive alcohol increases warfarin's anticoagulation effect by impairing liver metabolism, raising bleeding risk. INR increases (not decreases, B), and vitamin K absorption (D) is unaffected; A is the opposite effect.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Coagulation (Choice C) specifically refers to the process of blood clot formation, where blood transforms from a liquid to a gel-like state through a cascade of clotting factors. Hemostasis (Choice A) is the broader process of stopping bleeding, which includes coagulation but also vessel constriction. Thrombolysis (Choice B) is clot dissolution, and fibrinolysis (Choice D) is the breakdown of fibrin in clots—both opposites of formation. Choice C is the precise term.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The cardiac conduction system starts at the sinoatrial (SA) node (pacemaker), impulses travel to the atrioventricular (AV) node, then through the atrioventricular bundle (Bundle of His), and finally to the Purkinje fibers, stimulating ventricular contraction.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Large arteries (e.g., aorta) experience the highest pressure (around 120 mmHg systolic) directly from ventricular ejection. Pressure decreases progressively in small arteries, capillaries (around 35 mmHg), and veins (near 0 mmHg).

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Plasma proteins (e.g., albumin) maintain colloid osmotic pressure (about 25 mmHg), drawing fluid back into capillaries. Lipids and vitamins have minimal osmotic roles, and histamine affects permeability, not pressure.