ATI RN
Endocrine Review of Systems Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
Excess insulin is most apt to cause:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Excess insulin leads to increased glucose uptake by cells, causing a drop in blood sugar levels, resulting in hypoglycemia. This can lead to symptoms like confusion, sweating, and weakness. Ketosis (A) is caused by low insulin levels, hypertension (C) is not directly related to excess insulin, and diuresis (D) is more commonly associated with conditions like diabetes insipidus.
Question 2 of 5
The posterior pituitary stores and releases:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone (ADH). The posterior pituitary stores and releases oxytocin and ADH, also known as vasopressin. Oxytocin is involved in uterine contractions and milk ejection, while ADH regulates water reabsorption in the kidneys. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because the posterior pituitary does not store or release growth hormone or prolactin.
Question 3 of 5
The largest endocrine gland(s) that makes 3 hormones that affect the metabolism is the:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: thyroid gland. The thyroid gland is the largest endocrine gland that produces 3 hormones (T3, T4, and calcitonin) that regulate metabolism. T3 and T4 control the body's metabolic rate, while calcitonin helps regulate calcium levels in the blood. The pancreas (A) primarily produces insulin and glucagon to regulate blood sugar levels. The adrenal glands (B) produce hormones like cortisol and adrenaline to regulate stress response. The pituitary gland (D) controls various other endocrine glands but does not primarily produce hormones affecting metabolism.
Question 4 of 5
Which of the following hormones controls the production and release of glucocorticoids?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: ACTH. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) is produced by the pituitary gland and stimulates the adrenal glands to produce and release glucocorticoids, such as cortisol. ADH (A) regulates water balance, GH (C) controls growth, and FSH (D) regulates reproductive functions. ACTH specifically targets the adrenal cortex to regulate glucocorticoid production, making it the correct choice in this scenario.
Question 5 of 5
The endocrine gland responsible for the body’s circadian rhythm is:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Pineal gland. The pineal gland secretes melatonin, a hormone that regulates the body's circadian rhythm. Melatonin helps control the sleep-wake cycle, making the pineal gland crucial for maintaining our internal body clock. The other choices, Thymus, Parathyroid, and Pituitary glands, are not directly involved in regulating circadian rhythms. Thymus is responsible for immune function, Parathyroid regulates calcium levels, and Pituitary gland controls various hormones but not specifically circadian rhythm. Hence, the pineal gland is the correct choice for this question.