Excess growth hormone would cause all the following EXCEPT __________.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Excess growth hormone suppresses cancer by promoting healthy cell growth and inhibiting apoptosis. Diabetes can result from growth hormone excess due to insulin resistance. Giantism in children and acromegaly in adults are both caused by excess growth hormone stimulating excessive skeletal and soft tissue growth. Therefore, the correct answer is B because excess growth hormone does not suppress cancer; it actually promotes cell growth and proliferation.

Correct Answer: b

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). ACTH is produced by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland and stimulates the adrenal cortex to secrete cortisol. Inhibin is produced in the ovaries and testes, not the pituitary gland. Triiodothyronine is a thyroid hormone produced by the thyroid gland, not the pituitary gland. Oxytocin is produced by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland, not the anterior lobe. Therefore, the correct answer is B because it is the hormone that originates from the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because steroids include glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, and androgens, which are hormones secreted by the adrenal cortex. Glucocorticoids regulate metabolism and immune response, mineralocorticoids regulate electrolyte balance, and androgens are male sex hormones. Choice A is incorrect because steroids are secreted by the adrenal cortex, not the adrenal medulla. Choice C is incorrect because steroids act by entering the target cells and binding to intracellular receptors, not by stimulating second messengers like cAMP. Choice D is incorrect because steroids are not secreted by the pancreas; instead, the pancreas secretes hormones like insulin and glucagon.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Rationale for Correct Answer D: Catecholamines include epinephrine and norepinephrine. These hormones are produced by the adrenal medulla in response to stress and play a crucial role in the fight-or-flight response. Epinephrine increases heart rate and blood flow to muscles, while norepinephrine helps maintain blood pressure. These actions help the body respond to stressful situations. Summary of Other Choices: A: Incorrect. Cortisol, aldosterone, and testosterone are not catecholamines. They are steroid hormones produced by the adrenal cortex. B: Incorrect. Adrenal cortex secretes cortisol and aldosterone, not catecholamines. C: Incorrect. Catecholamines actually increase plasma glucose levels to provide energy during stress.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Rationale: 1. Oxytocin is a neurohypophyseal hormone secreted by the posterior pituitary gland. 2. It plays a key role in stimulating uterine contractions during labor and childbirth. 3. This action helps in the progression of labor by promoting the expulsion of the fetus. 4. Oxytocin also stimulates milk ejection during breastfeeding. 5. Choice A is correct as it accurately describes the role of oxytocin in uterine muscle contraction. Summary: B: Oxytocin is not a gonadotropin; it does not directly affect gonadal function. C: Oxytocin does not stimulate the kidney to reabsorb Na+ and water; that is the role of other hormones like aldosterone. D: Oxytocin is not a mineralocorticoid; it does not regulate electrolyte balance like mineralocorticoids do.