Evidence-based practice (EBP), a decision-making model, is best described as which?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D) Gathering all evidence that applies to the child's health and family situation. Evidence-based practice (EBP) involves integrating the best available research evidence with clinical expertise and patient values to make informed healthcare decisions. This option emphasizes the importance of considering all relevant evidence specific to the child's health and family circumstances to provide optimal care. Option A is incorrect because EBP goes beyond relying solely on information from textbooks; it involves using current research evidence. Option B is incorrect because while clinical experience is valuable, EBP requires more than just intuition—it requires a systematic approach to decision-making. Option C is incorrect as using a professional code of ethics is important but is not the primary focus of EBP, which centers on integrating evidence, expertise, and patient values. In an educational context, understanding EBP is crucial for nursing students as it ensures that they provide high-quality, effective, and patient-centered care. By teaching students to gather and critically evaluate evidence, educators are preparing them to make informed decisions that align with best practices and improve patient outcomes. This rationale underscores the significance of EBP in nursing practice and highlights the importance of evidence-based decision-making in delivering quality care to children.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct statement for the nurse to include in the teaching session with parents of school-age children is option A) "Childhood obesity is the most common nutritional problem among children." This statement is crucial to address as childhood obesity is a significant public health concern with serious short and long-term health implications, including diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and psychological effects. Option B) is incorrect because immunization rates can vary among children of different races and ethnicities due to disparities in healthcare access and beliefs. It is essential for the nurse to address these disparities and promote immunization equity. Option C) is incorrect because dental caries remain a prevalent issue in children despite the introduction of fluoridated water. The nurse should emphasize the importance of good oral hygiene practices and regular dental check-ups. Option D) is incorrect as mental health problems can indeed manifest in school-age children and early detection and intervention are crucial. The nurse should educate parents on recognizing signs of mental health issues and seeking appropriate support and care. In an educational context, it is vital for nurses to provide accurate and relevant information to parents to promote the health and well-being of school-age children. Addressing common health problems like childhood obesity empowers parents to make informed decisions to support their children's health.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In caring for a hospitalized preschool-aged child, ensuring atraumatic care is crucial for their emotional well-being and cooperation. Option C, allowing the child to choose the type of juice with oral medications, is the correct choice as it empowers the child, promotes autonomy, and provides a sense of control in a potentially stressful situation. By involving the child in decisions about their care, it reduces anxiety and fosters cooperation. Option A, limiting explanation of procedures, is incorrect as preschool-aged children benefit from simple, age-appropriate explanations to reduce fear and promote understanding. Option B, asking family members to leave the room, can increase the child's anxiety by separating them from familiar support. Option D, explaining about the ineffectiveness of EMLA cream, does not address the child's emotional needs or involve them in their care decisions. In an educational context, understanding atraumatic care is essential in pediatric nursing to promote positive healthcare experiences, reduce distress, and build trust with young patients. It emphasizes the importance of child-centered care, communication, and respecting the child's preferences to provide holistic care.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In this scenario, option B, "During shift report, the nurse is criticizing parents for not visiting their child," denotes a nontherapeutic nurse-patient-family relationship. Criticizing parents can create a barrier to effective communication and collaboration, leading to feelings of guilt or resentment. This behavior undermines trust and can hinder the establishment of a supportive environment for the child's care. Option A, reading a favorite fairy tale, can be a therapeutic intervention promoting comfort and bonding. Option C, discussing emotional draw with a fellow nurse, can be a form of professional support and debriefing. Option D, working with a family to decrease dependence on healthcare providers, is a collaborative and empowering approach that fosters autonomy and self-efficacy. Educationally, understanding the differences between therapeutic and nontherapeutic interactions is crucial for nurses caring for children. Building effective relationships with patients and families is essential for providing holistic and patient-centered care. It is important to prioritize communication skills, empathy, and cultural sensitivity to promote trust and collaboration in pediatric nursing practice.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In this question, the correct answer is A) Preschool. Preschool-age children are at risk for childhood injury due to their cognitive characteristic of magical and egocentric thinking. Magical thinking refers to the belief that thoughts are all-powerful, which may lead them to engage in risky behaviors without understanding the consequences. Egocentric thinking causes preschoolers to perceive the world solely from their perspective, leading them to take actions without considering potential dangers. Option B) Young school age children have developed more logical thinking abilities compared to preschoolers, which may help them better assess risks and prevent injuries. Option C) Middle school age children are further along in their cognitive development and are more capable of understanding cause and effect relationships, reducing their risk for childhood injuries. Option D) Adolescents have reached a stage where they can think more abstractly and critically, enabling them to make more informed decisions and avoid many common childhood injuries. Educationally, understanding the cognitive characteristics of different age groups is crucial for nurses caring for children. By recognizing how cognitive development impacts behavior and risk-taking tendencies, nurses can implement age-appropriate safety measures and provide tailored education to prevent childhood injuries effectively.