Evaluation of scoliosis involves the Adams test and measuring the Cobb angle. What does the Cobb angle measure?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The Cobb angle measures the angle between the endplates of the most tilted vertebrae at the top and bottom of the curve in scoliosis. This is the standard method for assessing scoliosis severity. The correct answer, B, is accurate because it specifically identifies the key vertebrae involved in measuring the curvature. Choice A is incorrect because it involves the iliac crest, which is not typically used in measuring the Cobb angle. Choice C is incorrect as it mentions the center of the curve, which is not a factor in determining the Cobb angle. Choice D is incorrect because it references the bottom vertebra rather than the most tilted vertebrae at the top and bottom of the curve, as required for the Cobb angle measurement.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Tear or avulsion of the anterior glenoid labrum. A Bankart lesion is a specific type of shoulder injury involving the anterior glenoid labrum. The labrum is a ring of fibrous tissue that surrounds the shoulder socket to provide stability. In a Bankart lesion, there is a tear or avulsion of this labrum, typically as a result of shoulder dislocation. This leads to instability of the shoulder joint. Choice B is incorrect because a compression fracture of the posterior humeral head does not involve the labrum and is not associated with Bankart lesions. Choice C is incorrect as it describes a different shoulder injury known as a SLAP (Superior Labrum Anterior to Posterior) lesion. Choice D is incorrect as it describes compression of nerves and vessels, not a Bankart lesion involving the labrum.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because a patient with shortness of breath and respiratory distress is experiencing a life-threatening emergency that requires immediate intervention to ensure airway patency and oxygenation. This falls under the first-level priority, which addresses issues that are crucial for the patient's survival. Postoperative pain (A) is important but not life-threatening. Diabetic teaching (B) can be addressed later as it is not an immediate threat. A small laceration (C) can be managed with basic wound care and is not as urgent as respiratory distress.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Rationale for Choice C (Correct Answer): The nurse recognizes that prevention places emphasis on the link between health and personal behavior because an individual's actions and choices greatly influence their health outcomes. By focusing on prevention, individuals can proactively engage in healthy behaviors to reduce their risk of developing diseases or health complications. This approach empowers individuals to take control of their health and well-being, promoting long-term health benefits and reducing the burden on healthcare systems. Summary of Other Choices: A: Incorrect - Disease prevention involves more than just treating the external environment; it also includes individual behaviors and lifestyle choices. B: Incorrect - While some deaths may be unavoidable, prevention strategies can significantly reduce the incidence of many diseases and health conditions. D: Incorrect - Prevention is not solely reliant on treatment provided by primary health care practitioners; it involves a combination of individual behaviors, public health initiatives, and healthcare interventions.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Buerger's disease. Contrast baths involve alternating hot and cold water immersion, which can worsen symptoms in Buerger's disease due to impaired blood flow and potential for exacerbating vasospasm. Rheumatoid arthritis (A), complex regional pain syndrome (B), and muscular strain (C) are not absolute contraindications for contrast baths as they can benefit from the modality when used appropriately.