ATI RN
Common Cardiovascular Drugs Questions
Question 1 of 5
Ethambutol has the following unwanted effect:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for choice C: 1. Ethambutol is known to cause retrobulbar neuritis, a condition that affects the optic nerve leading to vision changes. 2. The specific symptom of red-green color blindness is commonly associated with ethambutol toxicity. 3. This effect is due to the drug's direct impact on the optic nerve. 4. Regular monitoring of visual acuity and color vision is recommended during ethambutol treatment. Summary of other choices: A. Cardiotoxicity: Ethambutol is not known to cause direct cardiotoxic effects. B. Immunetoxicity: Ethambutol primarily affects the optic nerve, not the immune system. D. Hepatotoxicity: Ethambutol is generally well-tolerated by the liver and does not commonly cause hepatotoxicity.
Question 2 of 5
Which of these drugs would be most appropriate to treat the 78-year-old man's condition?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Demeclocycline. This drug is specifically used to treat the condition of syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH), which is common in elderly patients. Demeclocycline works by inhibiting the action of antidiuretic hormone, thus promoting water diuresis. Desmopressin (choice A) is used to treat diabetes insipidus, the opposite of SIADH. Hydrochlorothiazide (choice B) and Amiloride (choice D) are diuretics commonly used for different conditions like hypertension and edema but are not indicated for SIADH.
Question 3 of 5
What likely contributed to furosemide-induced metabolic alkalosis in this patient?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rationale for Correct Answer C: Furosemide inhibits Na+/K+/2Cl- cotransporter in the loop of Henle, leading to decreased Na+ reabsorption. This results in increased delivery of Na+ to the distal tubule, stimulating H+ secretion and bicarbonate reabsorption, causing metabolic alkalosis. Mild inhibition of carbonic anhydrase by furosemide also contributes by reducing H+ secretion in the proximal tubule. Summary of Incorrect Choices: A: Increased reabsorption of uric acid is not directly related to furosemide-induced metabolic alkalosis. B: Increased delivery of Na+ to the distal tubule is a consequence of furosemide action but does not directly contribute to metabolic alkalosis. D: Decreased reabsorption of Ca2+ in the loop of Henle may lead to hypocalcemia but is not a direct cause of metabolic alkalosis in this case.
Question 4 of 5
Six months after beginning atorvastatin, the patient's total and LDL cholesterol concentrations remained above normal and he continued to have anginal attacks despite good adherence to his antianginal medications. His physician decided for niacin. The major recognized mechanism of action of niacin is
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.
Question 5 of 5
The action of quinidine differs from that of digitalis in
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.