Estrogens exert the following actions except:

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because estrogens do not cause cornification of vaginal epithelium. Estrogens are responsible for proliferation of endometrium, maturation of graafian follicle, and anabolism. Cornification of vaginal epithelium is mainly influenced by androgens. So, the action described in choice A is not a direct effect of estrogens.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Lower than that for contraception. Estrogen dose for hormone replacement therapy in postmenopausal women is lower than that for contraception because the goal is to provide symptom relief and reduce health risks without stimulating ovulation. Estrogen dose for contraception needs to be higher to suppress ovulation effectively. Choices A and B are incorrect as they incorrectly assume equivalence or higher dose needed for hormone replacement therapy. Choice D is incorrect as estrogen dose for hormone replacement therapy is generally consistent and not variable based on age.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Certainly! Bisphosphonates are indicated for osteoporosis because they help prevent bone loss and reduce the risk of fractures by inhibiting bone resorption. This is achieved by promoting bone mineralization and increasing bone density. Bisphosphonates are not indicated for organophosphate poisoning, dementia, or Steven's Johnson syndrome as they do not have any therapeutic effect in these conditions.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Parathormone. In hypoparathyroidism, there is a deficiency of parathyroid hormone (PTH), leading to low calcium levels. Parathormone replacement therapy, in the form of synthetic PTH, is the most effective treatment to restore calcium balance. Calcium lactate (B) is a calcium supplement but does not address the underlying cause. Vitamin D (C) helps with calcium absorption but does not directly treat the PTH deficiency. Pamidronate (D) is a bisphosphonate used for conditions like osteoporosis, not hypoparathyroidism.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Prevention of osteoporosis. Medicinal calcium salts are commonly prescribed to prevent osteoporosis due to their role in maintaining bone density. Calcium is essential for bone health and helps prevent bone loss associated with osteoporosis. Choice B: Hastening fracture union is incorrect because while calcium is important for bone healing, it is not typically used as the primary treatment to hasten fracture union. Choice C: Peripheral neuritis is incorrect because calcium salts are not indicated for the treatment of peripheral neuritis. Peripheral neuritis is often treated with medications such as B vitamins. Therefore, the correct choice is A as medicinal calcium salts are specifically indicated for the prevention of osteoporosis.