Erikson divided an individual's psychosocial development into

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, he divided an individual's life span into 8 stages. Each stage represents a specific conflict that individuals must resolve in order to progress successfully to the next stage. These stages include trust vs. mistrust, autonomy vs. shame and doubt, initiative vs. guilt, industry vs. inferiority, identity vs. role confusion, intimacy vs. isolation, generativity vs. stagnation, and ego integrity vs. despair. Option A (2) is incorrect because Erikson's theory goes beyond just two stages and delves into various developmental challenges individuals face across the lifespan. Option B (4) is also incorrect as it oversimplifies Erikson's model, not capturing the complexity of psychosocial development. Option C (6) is incorrect as it fails to encompass all the stages outlined by Erikson. Understanding Erikson's 8 stages of psychosocial development is crucial for nurses providing family-centered care. It allows nurses to have a deeper insight into the developmental challenges individuals may be facing at different life stages, helping them tailor their care to meet the unique needs of patients and families. By recognizing where individuals are in their psychosocial development, nurses can better support their emotional, psychological, and social well-being.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In the context of family-centered care in nursing, understanding the impact of self-esteem on individuals is crucial for providing holistic and effective care. People with high self-esteem tend to have a positive self-image, which influences their behaviors and interactions with others. In this scenario, option D, "Frequently express doubt about their abilities to perform on difficult tasks," is the correct answer because individuals with high self-esteem are less likely to doubt their abilities and skills. Option A, "Express a general positive attitude to life," is consistent with high self-esteem as individuals with positive self-worth tend to have an optimistic outlook on life. Option B, "Volunteer work on difficult tasks," aligns with high self-esteem as individuals are more likely to take on challenges and believe in their capabilities. Option C, "Likely to get involved with social activities at the workplace," also correlates with high self-esteem as individuals are more confident in social settings. From an educational perspective, this question reinforces the importance of understanding the psychological aspects of patients in nursing practice. By recognizing the impact of self-esteem on behavior, nurses can tailor their care approaches to support individuals effectively. It also highlights the need for nurses to promote self-esteem and confidence in patients to enhance their overall well-being and health outcomes.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In the context of family-centered care in nursing, understanding social structures and dynamics is crucial for providing holistic and effective care to individuals and families. The correct answer to the question is A) Social stratification. Social stratification refers to the hierarchical arrangement of individuals into social classes based on various factors like wealth, power, and prestige. In the context of healthcare, understanding social stratification helps nurses recognize how societal structures influence access to healthcare, health outcomes, and overall well-being of individuals and families. Option B) Social conflict is incorrect because it refers to the tension and disputes that arise between individuals or groups due to competing interests, rather than the structured layers of society. Option C) Social solidarity is incorrect as it refers to the cohesion and cooperation among individuals within a society, which is different from the hierarchical arrangement captured by social stratification. Option D) Social control is incorrect as it pertains to the mechanisms and processes used by society to regulate behavior and maintain order, rather than the organization of society into layers or classes. Educationally, understanding social stratification in the context of family-centered care helps nurses recognize and address the social determinants of health that impact individuals and families. By acknowledging the influence of social structures on health outcomes, nurses can provide more equitable and patient-centered care, ultimately contributing to better health outcomes for all individuals and families.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In the context of family-centered care in nursing, understanding social norms is crucial as it impacts how families interact with healthcare providers and make decisions regarding their loved ones' care. The correct answer is D) Rules and expectations regulating social life. Social norms are unwritten rules that govern behavior within a society, dictating how individuals should act in various social situations. In the healthcare setting, adherence to social norms ensures effective communication, respect, and collaboration between healthcare providers and families. Option A) Symbolic representations of social groups in media is incorrect because it refers more to the portrayal of social groups in the media rather than norms themselves. Option B) Religious beliefs about how the world should be is also incorrect as it pertains to individual or group religious convictions, which may influence behavior but are not synonymous with social norms. Option C) Creative activities like gardening or cooking are not directly related to social norms, but rather personal hobbies or interests. Educationally, understanding social norms in the context of family-centered care equips nurses with the knowledge to navigate interactions with diverse families respectfully and effectively. By recognizing and respecting social norms, nurses can establish trust, foster effective communication, and provide culturally sensitive care that meets the unique needs of each family. This knowledge enhances the quality of care delivered and strengthens the nurse-family partnership, ultimately leading to improved patient outcomes.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In the context of Family Centered Care in Nursing, the correct answer to the question "Men currently outnumber women in" is C) Doctoral programs. This is because traditionally, doctoral programs have seen a higher representation of men compared to women in various fields including nursing. This trend is gradually changing as more women are pursuing doctoral degrees, but men still outnumber women in some disciplines. Option A) Psychology is incorrect because psychology, as a field, has a higher representation of women compared to men. Education, option B, also tends to have more female educators than male. Option D) Allied health field typically has a more balanced gender representation compared to doctoral programs. From an educational perspective, understanding these gender dynamics in various fields is important for nurses practicing family-centered care. It helps them recognize the diverse perspectives, experiences, and contributions of individuals from different backgrounds, ultimately enabling them to provide more inclusive and effective care to families. By being aware of these trends, nurses can better navigate interdisciplinary collaborations and enhance their cultural competence in caring for diverse patient populations.