ATI RN
Basic Immune System Quizlet Questions
Question 1 of 5
Epithelial cells at mucosal sites have barrier functions exerted through several mechanisms. These mechanisms do not include:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Phagocytosis of microbes. Epithelial cells primarily act as a physical barrier to prevent the entry of microbes. Phagocytosis is a function of immune cells, not epithelial cells. A: Secretion of mucins helps trap pathogens. B: Secretion of antimicrobial peptides aids in defense. D: Tight junctions form a physical barrier between cells. Therefore, phagocytosis is not a direct mechanism exerted by epithelial cells at mucosal sites.
Question 2 of 5
Lymphokines are protein substances produced in small amounts by lymphocytes and move from cell to cell carrying message through the immune system. The most common lymphokine is:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Rationale for Correct Answer (D - Interferon): 1. Lymphokines are protein substances produced by lymphocytes. 2. Interferon is a type of lymphokine produced by lymphocytes during viral infections. 3. It helps in regulating the immune response and inhibiting viral replication. 4. Interferon moves from cell to cell carrying messages through the immune system. Summary of Incorrect Choices: A: Vaccine - Not a lymphokine, but a substance used to stimulate the immune system. B: Antigen - Not a lymphokine, but a substance that triggers an immune response. C: Antibody - Not a lymphokine, but a protein produced by the immune system to neutralize pathogens.
Question 3 of 5
The nurse is caring for a patient who is experiencing an immune response involving B and T cells. Which type of immunity is the patient demonstrating?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Humoral immunity. Humoral immunity involves B cells producing antibodies to target pathogens. B cells are responsible for producing antibodies that circulate in the blood and lymph to neutralize pathogens. This type of immunity is specific to antigens and is a key component of the adaptive immune response. Passive immunity (A) is when antibodies are transferred from one individual to another, not involving B and T cells directly. Acquired immunity (C) is a broad term encompassing both humoral and cell-mediated immunity. Cell-mediated immunity (D) involves T cells directly targeting infected cells, not B cells producing antibodies.
Question 4 of 5
The nurse provides care to older adults. What should the nurse recognize as being more likely to occur in an older adult than in a younger adult?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: More autoimmune disorders. As individuals age, the immune system weakens, leading to an increased risk of autoimmune disorders where the immune system mistakenly attacks healthy cells. This is more likely in older adults compared to younger adults. High fevers (choice A) are not more likely in older adults, as fever response tends to decrease with age. Fewer infections (choice B) are also less likely in older adults due to a weakened immune response. Greater antibody production (choice D) is not a characteristic of aging, as antibody production may decline with age.
Question 5 of 5
Which of the following are not found in Cyanobacteria?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: chloroplasts. Cyanobacteria do not have chloroplasts because they are prokaryotic organisms and do not possess membrane-bound organelles like chloroplasts found in eukaryotic cells. Instead, they perform photosynthesis using thylakoids, which are membrane-bound compartments where photosynthesis occurs. Gas vesicles are also present in cyanobacteria and help regulate their buoyancy. Heterocysts are specialized cells that aid in nitrogen fixation, a process that allows cyanobacteria to convert atmospheric nitrogen into a form that can be used by the organism. Therefore, the absence of chloroplasts in cyanobacteria makes choice C the correct answer.