Epidemiologic researchers investigating cardiovascular risk factors suggest:

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because cardiovascular disease is influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. Genetic factors can predispose individuals to certain cardiovascular conditions, accounting for about 30% of coronary disease, as stated in choice A. However, cultural and environmental factors, as mentioned in choices B and C, also play a significant role in the development of cardiovascular disease. Therefore, the combination of genetic predisposition and environmental influences contributes to the overall risk of cardiovascular disease. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect on their own because they each represent only a part of the factors influencing cardiovascular disease, while choice D encompasses the comprehensive understanding of the multiple risk factors involved.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because the unemployment rate includes both the unemployed and the economically inactive individuals, while the unemployment proportion only considers the percentage of unemployed individuals in relation to the available workforce. Including the economically inactive in the rate provides a more comprehensive measure of the labor market's health. Choice A is incorrect as rate and proportion have distinct meanings. Choice B is incorrect as it only focuses on the percentage of unemployed individuals without considering the broader labor force. Choice D is incorrect as it introduces a specific subgroup (new graduates) not relevant to the definitions of unemployment rate and proportion.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Equality. Sir Michael Marmot's message highlights the impact of inequality on health outcomes, emphasizing the importance of addressing health inequities. The criterion of Equality in the Canada Health Act focuses on ensuring that all individuals have equal access to healthcare services regardless of their socio-economic status. Marmot's call for action aligns with the principle of Equality as it underscores the need to address the root causes of health disparities and promote fairness in healthcare delivery. Advocacy (A) involves supporting the healthcare system, Universality (B) ensures all residents have access to healthcare, and Feasibility (D) pertains to the practicality of healthcare services, but they are not directly related to the message conveyed by Marmot about addressing health inequities.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Comprehensiveness. This criteria of the Canada Health Act addresses the question of "What services are medically necessary" by ensuring that all medically necessary services are covered under the public health care system. Comprehensiveness ensures that necessary medical services are not excluded based on financial considerations, thereby guaranteeing access to essential healthcare services for all Canadians. Public Administration (A) focuses on how healthcare services are managed and delivered, Universality (D) addresses who is covered by the healthcare system, and Public Advocacy (C) is not a specific criteria outlined in the Canada Health Act.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: food deserts. Food deserts refer to areas with limited access to affordable and nutritious food, typically in low-income neighborhoods. This term highlights the lack of grocery stores or fresh food options, leading to poorer health outcomes for residents. Choice A, food oasis, is incorrect as it refers to areas with abundant healthy food options. Choice B, food swamps, is incorrect as it describes areas flooded with unhealthy food choices. Choice C, food tundras, is incorrect as it is not a recognized term in the context of food accessibility.