Eosinophilia is observed in all of the following EXCEPT

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In this question, the correct answer is A) Giardia infection. Eosinophilia is an abnormal increase in eosinophils in the blood, which is commonly associated with allergic conditions, parasitic infections, and some autoimmune diseases. Giardia infection typically does not cause eosinophilia. Option B) Toxocara infection is associated with eosinophilia. Toxocara is a parasitic infection that can lead to eosinophilic reactions in the body. Option C) Drug hypersensitivity reactions can also lead to eosinophilia. Certain medications can trigger an immune response that results in an increase in eosinophils. Option D) Periarteritis nodosa is a systemic vasculitis that can cause eosinophilia as part of the inflammatory response in the body. In an educational context, understanding the causes of eosinophilia is essential for pediatric nurses as they care for children with various health conditions. Recognizing the different etiologies of eosinophilia can guide nurses in identifying potential underlying issues and providing appropriate interventions. This knowledge helps ensure comprehensive and effective care for pediatric patients presenting with eosinophilia.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In diagnosing atopic dermatitis in older children and adults, it is crucial to understand the major criteria involved. Angioedema, as identified in option C, is not a major criterion for the diagnosis of atopic dermatitis. This is because angioedema is more commonly associated with urticaria rather than atopic dermatitis. Option A, eczematous or lichenified dermatitis, is a major criterion as atopic dermatitis typically presents with these skin manifestations. Option B, pruritus (itching), is also a key feature of atopic dermatitis and is often a significant symptom reported by patients. Option D, chronic or relapsing course, is another important criterion as atopic dermatitis tends to be a chronic condition with periods of exacerbation and remission. In an educational context, understanding the diagnostic criteria for atopic dermatitis is essential for healthcare professionals, especially pediatric nurses. By knowing the key features and major criteria, nurses can accurately assess, diagnose, and provide appropriate care for patients with atopic dermatitis. This knowledge helps in formulating effective treatment plans and educating patients and their families on managing this chronic skin condition.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, understanding the causes of contact dermatitis is crucial for providing effective care to children. In the context of this question, the correct answer, option A) Foods, is not a common cause of contact dermatitis. Contact dermatitis is typically caused by external factors that come into contact with the skin, triggering an allergic reaction. Foods are more commonly associated with food allergies or other types of skin reactions, rather than contact dermatitis. Option B) Poison ivy is a common cause of contact dermatitis due to the plant's oily resin that can trigger an allergic reaction upon skin contact. Option C) Fragrances can also cause contact dermatitis in sensitive individuals, as the chemicals in fragrances can irritate the skin and lead to an allergic response. Option D) Latex is known to be a common cause of contact dermatitis, especially in healthcare settings where latex gloves are frequently used. In an educational context, it is important for pediatric nurses to be able to differentiate between various causes of skin reactions in children. By understanding the common triggers of contact dermatitis, nurses can take appropriate preventive measures and provide accurate guidance to parents and caregivers in managing and avoiding potential allergens that may exacerbate skin conditions in children.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In this question regarding hypersensitivity pneumonitis, the correct answer is D) Dust mites. Dust mites are not a common cause of hypersensitivity pneumonitis. This condition is typically caused by exposure to organic dusts such as moldy hay, bird droppings, and humidifiers. These organic materials contain allergens that can trigger an immune response in the lungs, leading to inflammation and respiratory symptoms. Moldy hay is a well-known cause of hypersensitivity pneumonitis, especially in agricultural settings. Bird droppings, particularly from pigeons and parrots, contain proteins that can induce an immune response in susceptible individuals. Humidifiers, if not cleaned properly, can harbor mold and bacteria which when inhaled, can lead to hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Educationally, understanding the common causes of hypersensitivity pneumonitis is crucial for healthcare providers, especially those working with pediatric patients. Recognizing the sources of exposure can aid in prevention strategies and early intervention for affected individuals. By knowing the specific triggers, healthcare professionals can educate families on how to reduce exposure and mitigate the risk of developing hypersensitivity pneumonitis.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, understanding the impact of medications on a child's health is crucial. In this case, the correct answer is B) Doxorubicin. Doxorubicin is a well-known chemotherapeutic agent that can cause dilated cardiomyopathy, a condition characterized by the enlargement of the heart's chambers and reduced cardiac function. This adverse effect is attributed to doxorubicin's cardiotoxic properties, which can lead to long-term cardiac complications in pediatric patients undergoing cancer treatment. Now, let's analyze why the other options are incorrect: A) IVIG (Intravenous Immunoglobulin): IVIG is commonly used in pediatric patients for various immune-related conditions but is not associated with causing dilated cardiomyopathy. C) Cyclosporine: Cyclosporine is an immunosuppressive medication used in pediatric patients undergoing organ transplantation. While it can have adverse effects on the heart, dilated cardiomyopathy is not a well-known side effect. D) Methotrexate: Methotrexate is another chemotherapy drug, but dilated cardiomyopathy is not a typical side effect associated with its use in pediatric patients. In an educational context, this question highlights the importance of medication safety and monitoring in pediatric patients. Nurses must be aware of the potential cardiotoxic effects of certain medications, like doxorubicin, to provide comprehensive care and ensure early detection and management of adverse reactions in pediatric patients undergoing treatment for various conditions.