Employers are required to provide _____________ vaccines free of charge to employees.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale: 1. Hepatitis B is a workplace hazard due to potential exposure to blood and bodily fluids. 2. OSHA requires employers to offer Hepatitis B vaccines to at-risk employees free of charge. 3. This is to prevent occupational transmission of the virus. 4. Measles, Ebola, and Malaria are not typically transmitted in the workplace. Summary: Choice C (Hepatitis B) is correct as it aligns with OSHA regulations and workplace safety. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect as they are not mandatory vaccines in the workplace setting.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Flumazenil. Flumazenil is a benzodiazepine receptor antagonist that can effectively reverse the effects of a benzodiazepine overdose by competitively inhibiting the binding of benzodiazepines to their receptors in the brain. This action leads to the reversal of sedation, respiratory depression, and other central nervous system effects caused by benzodiazepines. Rationale: A: Naltrexone is an opioid receptor antagonist and would not be effective in reversing the effects of a benzodiazepine overdose. B: Alprazolam is a benzodiazepine and would not reverse the effects of a benzodiazepine overdose. D: Naloxone is an opioid receptor antagonist and would not reverse the effects of a benzodiazepine overdose.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Atropine. In a patient with symptomatic bradycardia due to complete third-degree AV block, atropine should be avoided if possible because it works by blocking the parasympathetic nervous system, potentially worsening the AV block. The first-line treatment for symptomatic bradycardia with hypotension in this scenario is transcutaneous pacing or external temporary pacing. If atropine is ineffective or contraindicated, other options like dopamine, dobutamine, or epinephrine may be considered to support blood pressure until more definitive treatment can be initiated. Dopamine and dobutamine can help increase heart rate and improve cardiac output, while epinephrine can provide inotropic and chronotropic support. However, these medications should be used cautiously and in consultation with a specialist due to the risk of exacerbating the AV block.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Hydrocortisone. When epinephrine fails to improve hypotension in anaphylaxis, corticosteroids like hydrocortisone are indicated. Corticosteroids help reduce inflammation and stabilize blood vessels, which can aid in increasing blood pressure. Cimetidine (A) is an H2 receptor antagonist used for acid reflux, not for anaphylaxis. Albuterol (B) is a bronchodilator used for respiratory symptoms in anaphylaxis. Ipratropium (D) is an anticholinergic bronchodilator and not indicated for hypotension in anaphylaxis.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Kussmaul respirations. In diabetic ketoacidosis, the body attempts to compensate for the metabolic acidosis by increasing the respiratory rate and depth, leading to Kussmaul respirations characterized by deep, rapid, and labored breathing. This pattern helps to blow off excess CO2 and decrease the acidity in the blood. Bradypnea (A) is slow breathing, which is not characteristic of the compensatory response in diabetic ketoacidosis. Central neurogenic hyperventilation (B) involves rapid and deep breathing due to neurological issues, not commonly seen in diabetic ketoacidosis. Cheyne-Stokes respirations (D) are characterized by periods of deep breathing followed by periods of apnea, which is not typically associated with diabetic ketoacidosis.