Emotion that is separated from the original feeling describes this defense mechanism:

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In this question, the correct answer is D) Isolation. Isolation is a defense mechanism where a person separates an emotion from the original source or feeling, often unconsciously. This allows the individual to deal with the emotion without experiencing the associated anxiety or distress. A) Denial is a defense mechanism where an individual refuses to acknowledge the reality of a situation, rather than separating the emotion from the feeling. B) Repression involves pushing down or suppressing unwanted thoughts or emotions into the unconscious mind, rather than separating the emotion from the original feeling. C) Compensation is a defense mechanism where an individual tries to make up for a perceived weakness by emphasizing a more desirable trait, which is not related to separating emotions. In an educational context, understanding defense mechanisms is important in the field of behavioral nursing as it helps nurses to recognize how patients cope with stress, anxiety, or difficult emotions. By identifying these defense mechanisms, nurses can better support patients in managing their emotions and mental health effectively.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Palliative sedation is a specialized form of symptom management used in end-of-life care to alleviate severe distress that is refractory to other interventions. The correct answer, option C) "Reduce patient's awareness of distressing symptoms," is the primary aim of palliative sedation. It is used when a patient is experiencing unbearable suffering and aims to provide relief by reducing their consciousness to a level where they are unaware of distressing symptoms, ensuring comfort and dignity in their final moments. Option A) Symptoms management is a general concept that does not specifically address the need to reduce the patient's awareness of distressing symptoms, which is the key goal of palliative sedation. Option B) Treatment of agitation is too narrow as palliative sedation is not solely focused on treating agitation but rather on overall symptom relief. Option D) Encourage safety and comfort is also too broad and does not capture the essence of reducing awareness of distressing symptoms through sedation. Educationally, understanding the purpose and principles of palliative sedation is crucial for healthcare providers working in end-of-life care. It involves delicate ethical considerations and requires a nuanced approach to balancing symptom management with maintaining patient comfort and quality of life. By grasping the rationale behind palliative sedation, nurses and other healthcare professionals can better support patients and families during this challenging stage of care.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Informed consent is a critical aspect of ethical healthcare practice, ensuring that patients understand the proposed treatment or procedure, its risks and benefits, and alternatives before giving their consent. Option D, "If the patient is unable to write, the nurse signs the consent for the patient," is incorrect because consent must be obtained directly from the patient or their legally authorized representative. Signing on behalf of a patient who cannot write compromises the principle of autonomy and may lead to legal and ethical issues. Option A, "The patient is of legal age with a proper mental disposition," is essential for ensuring the patient's capacity to provide informed consent. Option B, "If the patient is a child, secure consent from the parents or legal guardian," is crucial as minors lack the legal capacity to provide consent themselves in most cases. Option C, "The consent is secured before administration of preoperative medications," is important to ensure that the patient is fully aware and capable of making decisions before any sedation or impairment occurs. Educationally, understanding the nuances of informed consent is crucial for nursing practice. Nurses must advocate for their patients' rights, ensure comprehension of medical information, and uphold ethical standards. Teaching these principles helps nurses navigate complex ethical dilemmas and maintain patient trust and safety.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B) To prevent sudden drop of blood pressure. When transferring a patient from the postanesthesia care unit to the surgical unit, it is crucial to make gradual changes in position to prevent orthostatic hypotension. Moving a patient too quickly can lead to a sudden drop in blood pressure, which can result in dizziness, lightheadedness, and potentially fainting. This is especially important after anesthesia, as it can affect the body's ability to regulate blood pressure effectively. Option A) To prevent muscle injury is incorrect because the primary concern during this transfer is the cardiovascular system and blood pressure regulation, rather than muscle injury. Option C) To prevent respiratory distress is incorrect as the question is specifically addressing the change in position related to blood pressure, not respiratory issues. Option D) To promote comfort is incorrect as the main focus during patient transfer in this context is on physiological stability and safety rather than comfort. In an educational context, understanding the rationale behind the gradual change in position for a patient transfer highlights the importance of patient safety and the prevention of potential complications. Healthcare providers need to be aware of the physiological impact of anesthesia on the body and take appropriate measures to ensure a smooth and safe transition for the patient. This knowledge is crucial for nursing practice to provide optimal care and prevent adverse events during patient transfers.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Alzheimer’s disease (Option C) is the most common dementia, accounting for 60-80% of cases, per CDC data, due to amyloid plaques and tau tangles. Pick’s (A) is rarer (frontotemporal), Parkinson’s (B) may include dementia but is less prevalent, and 'Tics disease' (D) is not a recognized dementia.