ATI RN
Pediatric Neurology Test Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
Electromyography and nerve conduction velociti(NCVs) assess for abnormalitiof the neuromuscular apparatus. The amplitude of the NCVs signal is diminished in
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Axonal neuropathidiminish NCV amplitude, per neurophysiology, from axon loss reducing signal strength. Guillain-Barré slows velocity (demyelination); botulism and myasthenia affect junctions, not amplitude; viral meningitis is unrelated. Axonal pathology makes A the correct answer.
Question 2 of 5
The electroencephalographic (EEG) of an 8-year-old girl revealed generalized 3-Hz spike-and-wave activity. Of the following, the MOST likely diagnosis is
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Generalized 3-Hz spike-and-wave on EEG indicatabsence seizure , per ILAE, common in childhood absence epilepsy, with brief staring spells. Atypical absence has slower (<2.5 Hz) waves; benign childhood focal spikes; aphasia language loss; West hypsarrhythmia. Classic EEG pattern makes D the correct answer.
Question 3 of 5
The duration of anticonvulsant treatment variaccording to seizure type and epilepsy syndrome. For most children, anticonvulsant medications can be weaned off after 2 years without seizures. Of the following, the condition that usually require treatment for life is
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME) often requirlifelong treatment, per ILAE, with high relapse (>80%) off medication due to genetic myoclonic susceptibility. Simple and complex partial may remit; spasms resolve; Landau-Kleffner variable. JMpersistence makes C the correct answer.
Question 4 of 5
Cranial nerve variant of Guillain-Barré syndrome is called Miller Fisher variant; it is manifested with
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Miller Fisher variant of Guillain-Barré presents with ataxia, ophthalmoplegia, and areflexia, per neurology, from anti-GQ1b antibodies. Flaccidity (B-C), sensory loss (B, D-E), and urinary retention (C-D) are atypical. Triad specificity makes A the correct answer.
Question 5 of 5
A 9-year-old child has repeated history of variable ptosis, diplopia, ophthalmoplegia, and facial weakness. There is also an associated dysphagia and extremity weakness. Of the following, the distinguished feature of this disease from other neuromuscular disorders is
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Rapid fatigue over the day distinguishjuvenile myasthenia gravis, per neurology, from variable ptosis , diplopia , or ophthalmoplegia , which overlap with others. Fatigue reflects antibody-mediated junction block, making D the correct answer.