Eleanor, a 62 y.o. woman with diverticulosis is your patient. Which interventions would you expect to include in her care?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Rationale: C is correct as high-fiber diet helps prevent diverticulitis episodes. Psyllium adds bulk to stool, reducing strain on the colon. A is incorrect as low-fiber diet worsens diverticulosis. B is inappropriate as TPN is not first-line and bed rest can worsen symptoms. D is incorrect as analgesics and antacids do not address the underlying cause.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: pancreas. The pancreas is considered retroperitoneal because it lies behind the peritoneum, specifically in front of the vertebral column. This positioning makes it retroperitoneal, unlike the stomach, jejunum, and spleen, which are intraperitoneal organs located within the peritoneal cavity. The retroperitoneal location of the pancreas helps protect it and provides structural support. It also allows for easier access during surgical procedures, as it is not surrounded by peritoneum on all sides like intraperitoneal organs.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Rationale: 1. The oropharynx and laryngopharynx are parts of the pharynx involved in the digestive system. 2. The oropharynx receives food from the mouth, while the laryngopharynx leads to the esophagus. 3. The nasopharynx is not involved in food digestion, it connects to the nasal cavity. 4. The laryngopharynx is crucial in guiding food towards the esophagus. Summary: A: Incorrect, as the oropharynx alone does not cover the entire pathway of food. B: Incorrect, as the nasopharynx is not involved in food passage. C: Incorrect, as it excludes the laryngopharynx which is essential for food digestion.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Histamine stimulates the parietal cells in the stomach lining to release hydrochloric acid (HCl). This process plays a crucial role in the digestion of food. Parietal cells are responsible for producing stomach acid, which helps break down food and kill bacteria. Choice A is incorrect because intrinsic factor is not released by parietal cells in response to histamine. Choice B is incorrect because pepsinogen is released by chief cells, not parietal cells. Choice D is incorrect because mucous neck cells secrete mucus to protect the stomach lining, but they are not directly stimulated by histamine to release mucus.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: cirrhosis. Jaundice, pale skin, and liver with connective tissue buildup are classic symptoms of cirrhosis - a condition characterized by scarring of the liver due to long-term damage. Jaundice occurs when the liver is unable to properly process bilirubin, leading to yellowing of the skin and eyes. The pale color can be due to anemia often seen in cirrhosis. The buildup of connective tissue is indicative of fibrosis and scarring in the liver. Gastritis (A) is inflammation of the stomach lining, pancreatitis (B) is inflammation of the pancreas, and gallstones (C) are solid particles that form in the gallbladder. These conditions do not typically present with the combination of symptoms described.