ATI RN
Endocrine System Multiple Choice Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
Eicosanoids are not true hormones because they __________.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A. Eicosanoids are not true hormones because they act locally, not on distal organs like true hormones. Eicosanoids are produced and released in response to specific stimuli at the site of action, affecting nearby cells. This local action distinguishes them from true hormones, which are produced in one part of the body and travel through the bloodstream to distant target organs to elicit a response. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because eicosanoids do have target organs (B), mediate inflammatory reactions (C), and are lipid in nature (D), but these characteristics do not define them as hormones.
Question 2 of 5
The left suprarenal vein drains into which of the following?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Left renal vein. The left suprarenal vein drains into the left renal vein because they are anatomically close and share a common blood supply. The left suprarenal vein carries blood from the left adrenal gland, while the left renal vein receives blood from the left kidney. This anatomical proximity allows for efficient drainage of blood from the adrenal gland into the renal vein for further circulation. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because the left suprarenal vein does not typically drain into the superior mesenteric vein, inferior hemiazygos, or inferior vena cava.
Question 3 of 5
Since Adonis was unable lift the dumbbell, he decided to use the exercise bike for a cardiovascular workout. During maximum exertion on the exercise bike, Adonis began to breathe heavily and felt 'the burn' in his legs. The skeletal muscles of his legs were using primarily which form of respiration at maximum exertion?
Correct Answer: d
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Glycolysis. During maximum exertion, skeletal muscles rely on glycolysis to quickly generate ATP without oxygen. This process breaks down glucose into pyruvate, producing a small amount of ATP. Since Adonis was feeling 'the burn' in his legs, it indicates the accumulation of lactic acid from glycolysis. Choice A (Aerobic respiration) requires oxygen and is not efficient during high-intensity exercise. Choices B (Electron transport chain) and C (Oxidative phosphorylation) are part of aerobic respiration and occur in mitochondria, which are less active during intense exercise compared to glycolysis.
Question 4 of 5
Which of the following is the response to low plasma levels of calcium?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Secretion of PTH. Low plasma levels of calcium trigger the parathyroid glands to release parathyroid hormone (PTH) to increase calcium levels. PTH acts on the bones to stimulate calcium release, on the kidneys to increase calcium reabsorption, and on the intestines to enhance absorption. A: Secretion of calcitonin is incorrect because calcitonin is released in response to high calcium levels to lower them. B: Secretion of the beta cells of the islets of Langerhans is incorrect as these cells secrete insulin in response to high blood glucose levels. C: Inhibition of the adenohypophyseal release of ACTH is incorrect as ACTH is related to stress response, not calcium regulation.
Question 5 of 5
Growth hormone:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Certainly! The correct answer is D because growth hormone is indeed secreted by the adenohypophysis, it stimulates growth of the musculoskeletal system, and it is also known as somatotropic hormone. All the statements in choices A, B, and C are true regarding growth hormone, making option D the correct choice. The other choices are incorrect because they do not encompass all the functions and characteristics of growth hormone as described in the question.