Effects of drugs in lowering blood cholesterol levels are additive with those of diet. This consideration is:

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Correct Answer: A (TRUE) Rationale: 1. Drugs and diet independently lower blood cholesterol levels. 2. When used together, their effects are additive, leading to a greater reduction. 3. This synergy implies that the statement is true. 4. Other options (B, C, D) are incorrect as they do not acknowledge the additive nature of combining drugs and diet interventions.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Furosemide (Lasix). Furosemide is a loop diuretic that acts on the ascending loop of Henle to inhibit sodium reabsorption, leading to sodium loss. In patients with low glomerular filtration rates, furosemide can still promote sodium loss by directly affecting renal tubular function. Acetazolamide, on the other hand, is a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor that primarily works in the proximal tubule and is not as effective in promoting sodium loss in patients with low GFR. Therefore, the correct choice is A as furosemide can promote sodium loss in patients with low GFR, while acetazolamide is not as effective in this scenario.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Beta-lactam antibiotics. These antibiotics work by inhibiting the synthesis of bacterial cell walls through binding to penicillin-binding proteins, leading to cell lysis. Tetracyclines (B) inhibit protein synthesis, aminoglycosides (C) disrupt protein synthesis by binding to ribosomes, and macrolides (D) interfere with protein synthesis by binding to the 50S ribosomal subunit. Therefore, only beta-lactam antibiotics directly target bacterial cell wall synthesis, making them the correct choice.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Rifampin is known to cause hepatotoxicity, making option D the correct answer. Rifampin is metabolized in the liver, potentially leading to liver damage. The other options, dizziness and headache (A), loss of hair (B), and flu-like syndrome with tubular necrosis (C), are not commonly associated with rifampin use. Hepatotoxicity is a serious adverse effect that warrants close monitoring during rifampin therapy.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Praziquantel. It is effective against a broad spectrum of parasitic infections including cestodosis, trematodosis, and cysticercosis. Praziquantel works by causing paralysis in the parasites, leading to their detachment from the host's tissues. It is well-tolerated and has minimal side effects. Incorrect choices: A: Piperazine - Effective against roundworm infections, not effective for cestodosis, trematodosis, or cysticercosis. B: Ivermectin - Effective mainly against roundworm and certain mite infections, not the ideal choice for cestodosis and trematodosis. D: Pyrantel - Effective against roundworm and hookworm infections, not the optimal choice for cestodosis, trematodosis, or cysticercosis.