Effect of moderate consumption of alcohol on plasma lipoproteins is:

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because moderate alcohol consumption has been shown to raise serum levels of high-density lipoproteins (HDL), also known as "good" cholesterol. HDL helps remove other forms of cholesterol from the bloodstream, reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease. Increased HDL levels are associated with a lower risk of heart disease. On the other hand, choices B, C, and D are incorrect. Choice B, increasing low-density lipoproteins (LDL), is not a typical effect of moderate alcohol consumption and is associated with an increased risk of heart disease. Choice C, decreasing HDL levels, contradicts the known positive effect of alcohol on HDL. Choice D, raising very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL), is not a common result of moderate alcohol intake and is typically associated with an increased risk of heart disease.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The main claim for an ideal antidepressant agent should encompass all aspects mentioned in the choices. A faster onset of action ensures quicker relief for the patient. Fewer adverse effects reduce the burden on the patient. Lower toxicity in overdoses enhances safety. Therefore, D is correct as it combines these essential criteria for an ideal antidepressant. Options A, B, and C individually address important factors but do not cover the comprehensive requirements of an ideal antidepressant, making them incorrect.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Triazolam. Triazolam has a short duration of action due to its rapid onset and short half-life. It is commonly used for the treatment of insomnia. Clorazepate (B), Prazepam (C), and Clordiazepoxide (D) have longer durations of action compared to Triazolam. Clorazepate is a long-acting benzodiazepine used for anxiety disorders, Prazepam is an intermediate-acting benzodiazepine, and Clordiazepoxide is a long-acting benzodiazepine used for alcohol withdrawal and anxiety. Triazolam's rapid onset and short duration make it suitable for managing acute insomnia.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Benzodiazepines. They are the drugs of choice for reversing withdrawal syndromes due to their ability to target the central nervous system and alleviate symptoms by acting on GABA receptors. Benzodiazepines help to reduce anxiety, seizures, and other withdrawal symptoms effectively. Neuroleptics (choice B) are not typically recommended for treating withdrawal symptoms as they may worsen certain symptoms. Antidepressants (choice C) are not the first-line treatment for reversing withdrawal syndromes as they mainly target mood disorders. Choice D is incorrect because not all the options are drugs of choice for reversing withdrawal syndromes.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale: 1. 5-lipoxygenase is an enzyme involved in leukotriene synthesis. 2. Zileuton is a specific 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor. 3. Budesonide and Beclometazone are corticosteroids, not 5-lipoxygenase inhibitors. 4. Sodium cromoglycate is a mast cell stabilizer, not a 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor. Summary: Choice C (Zileuton) is the correct answer as it directly inhibits 5-lipoxygenase, which is crucial in leukotriene production. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect as they are not 5-lipoxygenase inhibitors but belong to different classes of medications.