ATI RN
Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance Answer Key Questions
Question 1 of 5
ECF volume is regulated to ensure adequate blood pressure, whereas ECF osmolarity is regulated to prevent cells from shrinking or swelling.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: TRUE. ECF volume regulation is essential for maintaining blood pressure through mechanisms like the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. On the other hand, ECF osmolarity regulation is crucial to prevent cell shrinkage or swelling due to changes in solute concentrations. Therefore, it is accurate to say that ECF volume is regulated to ensure adequate blood pressure, and ECF osmolarity is regulated to prevent cells from shrinking or swelling. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not accurately represent the relationship between ECF volume, osmolarity regulation, and their respective purposes in the body.
Question 2 of 5
Cells in a hypertonic ECF tend to lose water by osmosis.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Step 1: In a hypertonic extracellular fluid (ECF), there is a higher solute concentration outside the cell. Step 2: Due to osmosis, water will move from an area of low solute concentration (inside the cell) to high solute concentration (outside the cell). Step 3: As a result, cells in a hypertonic ECF tend to lose water to balance the solute concentration. Step 4: Therefore, the statement "Cells in a hypertonic ECF tend to lose water by osmosis" is true. Summary: Choice A is correct because water moves out of the cell in a hypertonic environment. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not provide a logical explanation based on osmosis principles.
Question 3 of 5
Hypertonicity in the ECF is sensed by osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus do sense changes in extracellular fluid (ECF) tonicity. When ECF becomes hypertonic, these osmoreceptors are activated, leading to the release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) to increase water reabsorption and maintain body fluid balance. The other choices are incorrect as they do not provide any relevant information or reasoning.
Question 4 of 5
Only the H+ ions that are free in solution will contribute to the pH of that solution.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Step 1: pH is a measure of the concentration of H+ ions in a solution. Step 2: Only free H+ ions can interact with water molecules to affect pH. Step 3: Bound H+ ions in compounds do not directly impact pH. Step 4: Therefore, only free H+ ions contribute to the pH of a solution. Step 5: Thus, the statement that only free H+ ions contribute to pH is TRUE. Other choices are incorrect as they do not provide a logical explanation for the concept.
Question 5 of 5
Acidosis causes the kidneys to excrete more H+, which reduces the amount of K+ secreted, causing K+ retention.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Step 1: Acidosis leads to increased H+ excretion by the kidneys to help regulate blood pH. Step 2: In response to increased H+ excretion, there is a decrease in the excretion of K+ ions. Step 3: Reduced K+ excretion leads to K+ retention in the body. Therefore, the correct answer is A (TRUE). Acidosis does indeed cause the kidneys to excrete more H+, which in turn reduces the amount of K+ secreted, resulting in K+ retention. Option B is incorrect because it contradicts the physiological relationship between acidosis, H+ excretion, and K+ retention. Options C and D are not applicable as they are placeholders.