Early sign of shock:

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In pediatric patients, recognizing early signs of shock is crucial for timely intervention. The correct answer is B) Tachypnea, which refers to rapid breathing. In shock, the body tries to compensate by increasing respiratory rate to improve oxygen intake. This is an early sign seen before other vital signs like blood pressure and heart rate are affected. Option A) Hypotension, is a late sign of shock in pediatric patients. By the time blood pressure drops, the shock is usually advanced. Option C) Lethargy, and option D) Bradycardia, are also late signs of shock and indicate decompensation. Educationally, understanding the progression of shock signs in pediatric patients is essential for nurses and healthcare providers. Recognizing early signs like tachypnea can prompt quick assessment and treatment, potentially preventing the progression to severe shock. This knowledge can help improve patient outcomes and reduce morbidity and mortality in pediatric populations.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The most accepted diagnostic criteria for asthma is recurrent cough or wheeze that responds to bronchodilator therapy, which is option C. This is because asthma is characterized by airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness, leading to symptoms like coughing and wheezing that improve with bronchodilators. Option A, cough or wheeze in a child who has tested positive for allergens, is not specific to asthma as other conditions like allergic rhinitis can also present similarly. Option B, a strong family history of asthma, is a risk factor but not a definitive diagnostic criterion. Option D, passive smoking exposure, can exacerbate asthma but is not a stand-alone diagnostic criterion. In an educational context, understanding the diagnostic criteria for asthma is crucial for nurses caring for pediatric patients. Recognizing the clinical presentation and response to treatment helps in early identification and management of asthma in children, improving outcomes and quality of life. It is important to differentiate asthma from other respiratory conditions to provide appropriate care and education to patients and their families.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In the context of a Pediatric NCLEX Practice Quiz, the correct answer for the characterization of Hemophilia A as prolonged APTT (Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time) is crucial to understand due to its implications for patient care. Hemophilia A is a genetic disorder characterized by a deficiency in clotting factor VIII, leading to impaired blood clotting. This deficiency results in prolonged APTT, as factor VIII is essential for the intrinsic pathway of the coagulation cascade, which is assessed through APTT testing. Option A, prolonged bleeding time, is incorrect because bleeding time primarily assesses platelet function, not clotting factor deficiencies like hemophilia A. Option B, prolonged prothrombin time, is incorrect as it evaluates the extrinsic pathway of the coagulation cascade, which is not primarily affected in hemophilia A. Option D, prolonged thrombin time, is also incorrect as it assesses the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin, which is downstream of the factor VIII deficiency in hemophilia A. Understanding the specific laboratory findings associated with hemophilia A is essential for nurses caring for pediatric patients with this condition. Recognizing the prolonged APTT in hemophilia A will guide appropriate interventions, such as factor replacement therapy, to prevent and manage bleeding episodes effectively. This knowledge is critical for safe and competent nursing practice in pediatric hematology and can impact patient outcomes significantly.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In pediatric resuscitation, the dose of adrenaline IV for cardiac arrest is crucial for improving outcomes. The correct answer is A) 10 micrograms/kg. This dose is based on current guidelines that recommend a dose of 0.1 mg/kg (100 micrograms/kg) of adrenaline during cardiac arrest. Option B) 10 milligrams/kg is incorrect as it is an excessively high dose and could lead to adverse effects like hypertension and arrhythmias in a pediatric patient. Option C) 100 milligrams/kg is also incorrect as it is an extremely high and dangerous dose that can be fatal in a pediatric patient. Option D) 1000 micrograms/kg is not the recommended dose and would be too high for a pediatric patient, potentially causing harm. Educationally, understanding the correct dosage of medications in pediatric emergencies is vital for nurses and healthcare providers. Administering the wrong dose can have serious consequences for the pediatric patient. It is important to calculate and administer medications accurately based on the child's weight and current guidelines to ensure safe and effective care during critical situations.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In the context of a pediatric NCLEX practice quiz, the false positive tuberculin test being present in infection with atypical mycobacteria (Option C) is the correct answer. This is because atypical mycobacteria, such as Mycobacterium avium complex, can cause cross-reactions with the tuberculin test due to similarities in their cell wall antigens to those of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Option A, disseminated infection, is incorrect because a disseminated infection of tuberculosis would likely result in a true positive tuberculin test rather than a false positive. Option B, live viral vaccine, is incorrect as live viral vaccines, like the MMR vaccine, do not typically cause false positive tuberculin tests. Option D, active infection, is also incorrect because active tuberculosis infection would lead to a true positive tuberculin test result. Understanding why certain conditions or factors can lead to false positive results in diagnostic tests is crucial in clinical practice, especially in the field of pediatrics where accurate diagnosis is essential for providing appropriate care to children. This knowledge helps healthcare professionals interpret test results accurately and make informed decisions regarding further investigations or treatment options.