ATI RN
Endocrine System Questions and Answers PDF Questions
Question 1 of 5
Each of the following parasympathomimetic drugs is correctly matched with an appropriate pharmacological action EXCEPT:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D. Bethanechol is a parasympathomimetic drug that primarily acts on muscarinic receptors in the bladder and gastrointestinal tract, causing increased smooth muscle contraction and promoting urination and improved GI motility. It does not affect intraocular pressure. A, B, and C are incorrect: A: Methacholine - acts as a muscarinic agonist causing bronchoconstriction, not vasodilation. B: Neostigmine - inhibits acetylcholinesterase leading to increased acetylcholine levels, enhancing neuromuscular transmission, not directly stimulating skeletal muscles. C: Pilocarpine - acts on muscarinic receptors in the eye, causing miosis and increased aqueous humor outflow, not increased sweat secretion.
Question 2 of 5
The action of ganglion blockers on the following items is essentially similar to atropine EXCEPT on:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Blood pressure. Ganglion blockers, similar to atropine, block the transmission of nerve impulses at ganglia. Ganglion blockers affect the eye, gastrointestinal tract, and urinary bladder by inhibiting parasympathetic activity. However, ganglion blockers do not have a significant direct effect on blood pressure regulation. Blood pressure is primarily regulated by the autonomic nervous system through the actions of the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems, not solely at ganglia. Therefore, the correct answer is D because ganglion blockers do not directly influence blood pressure regulation.
Question 3 of 5
The following plant alkaloids give derivatives which are used to treat migraine:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Ergot alkaloids. Ergot alkaloids, such as ergotamine and dihydroergotamine, are known to be effective in treating migraines by constricting blood vessels in the brain. This helps to reduce the intensity of migraine headaches. Vinca alkaloids (A) are used in cancer treatment, digitalis glycosides (B) in heart conditions, and stramonium alkaloids (C) in asthma and spasms, but they are not commonly associated with migraine treatment.
Question 4 of 5
Which one of the following drugs can trigger severe bronchospasm in a patient who has asthma?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Propranolol. Propranolol is a non-selective beta-blocker that can trigger severe bronchospasm in patients with asthma by blocking beta-2 receptors in the lungs, leading to bronchoconstriction. Atropine (A) is an anticholinergic drug that dilates the airways. Isoproterenol (B) is a beta-agonist that relaxes the airway smooth muscles. Phenylephrine (C) is a sympathomimetic drug that constricts blood vessels, not airways.
Question 5 of 5
Hyoscine is one of the most effective drugs for preventing motion sickness, but may cause photophobia or blurred vision. Which is the most similar prototype drug?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Step 1: Hyoscine is an antimuscarinic drug used for motion sickness. Step 2: Atropine is a similar prototype drug as it also belongs to the antimuscarinic class. Step 3: Atropine, like hyoscine, can cause photophobia and blurred vision. Step 4: Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (A) are not related to antimuscarinic drugs. Step 5: Propranolol (B) is a beta-blocker and not an antimuscarinic drug. Step 6: Bethanechol (D) is a muscarinic agonist, opposite in action to antimuscarinic drugs like hyoscine and atropine.