Each minor calyx receives urine from the

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Renal papillae (pyramid tips) drain into minor calyces, not pelvis (later), ureter, or columns (cortex). This specifies urine origin, critical for medullary drainage, contrasting with later flow.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Renal system regulates pH (H+ excretion), blood pressure (RAAS), and concentration (water/solute) all apply. This encompasses renal roles, critical for homeostasis, contrasting with single functions.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: ADH reduces urine output by increasing water reabsorption, not minimal, increases, or maintains. This specifies ADH's antidiuretic role, critical for hydration, contrasting with diuretic effects.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: ANP inhibits aldosterone/ADH, reducing water/sodium reabsorption all apply. This defines natriuretic effect, key for volume reduction, contrasting with single actions.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Kidneys remove toxins, wastes, excess water/ions all apply. This defines filtration scope, critical for detoxification, contrasting with partial roles.