During which type of contraction is a hamstring injury most likely to occur?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Eccentric muscle contraction. During eccentric contractions, the muscle lengthens while generating force, placing greater stress on the muscle fibers and making them more susceptible to injury. In the case of the hamstring, which is commonly injured during activities involving sudden deceleration or slowing down, such as running downhill or stopping abruptly, the eccentric contraction plays a significant role. Choice A (Concentric muscle contraction) involves muscle shortening and is less likely to cause injury in the hamstring. Choice C (Isometric contractions) involve static muscle contractions with no change in muscle length, making them less likely to lead to hamstring injury. Choice D (Isotonic contractions) refers to muscle contractions with a constant load, which may or may not lead to hamstring injury depending on the specific exercise and load applied.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: MRI. MRI is the 'gold standard' for evaluating the rotator cuff due to its high sensitivity and specificity in detecting rotator cuff tears and other pathologies. It provides detailed imaging of soft tissues, allowing for better visualization of the rotator cuff structures. Plain x-rays are not ideal for evaluating soft tissues like the rotator cuff. Physical exam of the shoulder can provide valuable information, but it may not be as accurate as imaging tests. Ultrasound can be useful, but it is not as sensitive or specific as MRI for detecting rotator cuff tears. In summary, MRI is the preferred diagnostic test for evaluating the rotator cuff due to its superior imaging capabilities and accuracy in detecting pathologies.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Validate the data by asking a coworker to listen to the breath sounds. This is the best course of action as it involves seeking a second opinion to confirm the unclear sound heard, ensuring accuracy in assessment. Notifying the physician immediately (A) may be premature without validation. Documenting the sound (B) without confirmation can lead to inaccurate documentation. Assessing again in 20 minutes (D) may delay necessary intervention if the sound is significant. Asking a coworker to validate the data (C) allows for immediate clarification and ensures accurate assessment.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Step 1: Evidence-based practice (EBP) requires nurses to critically evaluate research studies. Step 2: To incorporate EBP, nurses need research skills to assess the quality of studies. Step 3: Lack of research skills hinders nurses from effectively utilizing EBP. Step 4: Choice A is correct as it directly addresses a barrier to incorporating EBP. Summary: Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not specifically relate to the need for research skills in evaluating the quality of research studies, which is essential for implementing EBP.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Sarcoidosis. Sarcoidosis is a respiratory disease characterized by granulomatous inflammation in the lung parenchyma, leading to a restrictive pattern of lung function. This results in decreased lung volume and impaired gas exchange. Myasthenia gravis (A) is a neuromuscular disorder, not a respiratory disease. Asthma (B) is characterized by reversible airway obstruction, not a restrictive pattern. Ankylosing spondylitis (D) primarily affects the spine and joints, not the lungs. Therefore, the correct choice is C based on the specific pathological and clinical features of sarcoidosis.