During which stage of the menstrual cycle does ovulation occur?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: During the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle, the follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) stimulates the growth of a dominant follicle, which eventually leads to ovulation. Ovulation typically occurs around the middle of the menstrual cycle, about 14 days before the start of the next menstrual period. This is when the mature egg is released from the ovary into the fallopian tube. Therefore, the correct answer is A: Follicular phase. Choice B: Luteal phase is incorrect because ovulation precedes the luteal phase. Choice C: Menstrual phase is incorrect as ovulation occurs before menstruation. Choice D: Proliferative phase is incorrect because it occurs after ovulation.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Progesterone. Progesterone is the hormone responsible for helping breast tissue prepare for milk production by stimulating the growth of milk-producing glands and promoting the development of ducts. Estrogen supports breast development but is not directly involved in milk production. Prolactin is the hormone that actually stimulates milk production after childbirth. Oxytocin is responsible for releasing milk from the breast during breastfeeding, but it does not help in the preparation of breast tissue for milk production. Therefore, Progesterone is the correct answer as it plays a crucial role in preparing the breast tissue for milk production.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The primary function of the placenta is to supply oxygen and nutrients to the fetus. It acts as a bridge between the mother and the fetus, allowing for the exchange of oxygen, nutrients, and waste products. This is crucial for the growth and development of the fetus. The placenta does not secrete estrogen (choice A), as this is primarily produced by the ovaries. It also does not store fetal waste (choice C), as waste is eliminated through the mother's bloodstream. While the placenta does provide some protection against maternal infection (choice D), its main function is nutrient and oxygen exchange.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Estrogen regulates the menstrual cycle by promoting the growth of the uterine lining. It also triggers ovulation. This is a crucial function in female reproductive health. Other choices are incorrect because estrogen does not directly inhibit FSH release, support embryo implantation, or increase progesterone secretion. Estrogen's main role is in the menstrual cycle regulation.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Fallopian tube. Fertilization of the egg typically occurs in the fallopian tube where the sperm meets the egg to form a zygote. The fallopian tubes provide a suitable environment for fertilization to take place. The other choices (A: Uterus, B: Ovary, C: Cervix) are incorrect because fertilization does not occur in these locations. The uterus is where the fertilized egg implants and grows into a fetus, the ovary releases the egg during ovulation, and the cervix is the lower part of the uterus that connects to the vagina.