During which phase would the community health nurse (CHN) determine the ability of specific interventions to achieve an increase to at least 90% in the proportion of all pregnant women who receive first-trimester prenatal care?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Evaluation phase. During the evaluation phase, the CHN assesses the effectiveness of interventions in achieving the desired outcome of increasing the proportion of pregnant women receiving first-trimester prenatal care to at least 90%. This phase involves systematically collecting and analyzing data to determine if the interventions are successful. In contrast, the assessment phase (choice A) focuses on gathering information about the community's health needs, planning phase (choice B) involves developing strategies to address those needs, and implementation phase (choice C) is about putting the planned interventions into action. Therefore, the evaluation phase is the most appropriate stage to determine the success of the interventions in reaching the specified goal.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Upholding the client's autonomy. In acute healthcare situations, the dominant concern is typically respecting the patient's right to make decisions about their own care. Upholding autonomy ensures that the patient's wishes and values are prioritized in treatment decisions. This is supported by ethical principles such as respect for persons and patient-centered care. Choice A: Doing what is best for the community is not typically the dominant concern in acute healthcare situations as individual patient care is prioritized over broader community interests. Choice B: Doing what is best for the family may be important but it does not override the patient's right to autonomy in making decisions about their own healthcare. Choice C: Obeying legal mandates is important but it does not necessarily address the ethical principle of respecting the patient's autonomy.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Evaluation phase. During the evaluation phase, the CHN assesses the effectiveness of interventions in achieving the desired outcome of increasing the proportion of pregnant women receiving first-trimester prenatal care to at least 90%. This phase involves systematically collecting and analyzing data to determine if the interventions are successful. In contrast, the assessment phase (choice A) focuses on gathering information about the community's health needs, planning phase (choice B) involves developing strategies to address those needs, and implementation phase (choice C) is about putting the planned interventions into action. Therefore, the evaluation phase is the most appropriate stage to determine the success of the interventions in reaching the specified goal.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because providing case management services that link clients with serious mental illnesses to mental health and community support services is an example of tertiary prevention. Tertiary prevention focuses on managing and reducing the impact of established conditions. By linking clients with mental illnesses to necessary support services, the aim is to prevent further deterioration of their mental health and improve their overall well-being. A: Disseminating information about mental health to community organizations is more aligned with primary prevention, aiming to prevent the onset of mental health issues. B: Partnering with PHNs for early identification of children with mental health challenges is related to secondary prevention, focusing on early detection and intervention to prevent the progression of mental health issues. D: Screening clients at high risk for mental disorders is also an example of secondary prevention, aimed at early detection and intervention before the onset of serious mental health issues.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Assessment. Assessment is the foundational nursing function for identifying family problems and strengths because it involves gathering comprehensive data about the family's health status, dynamics, and resources. This information is crucial for developing effective nursing interventions tailored to the family's specific needs. Summary: - Plan (B): Developing a plan comes after assessment and is based on the information gathered during assessment. - Implementation (C): Implementing interventions is the next step after planning and is not the foundational function for identifying family problems and strengths. - Evaluation (D): Evaluation is important for determining the effectiveness of interventions but is not the initial step in identifying family problems and strengths.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Risk reduction activities. In a health risk appraisal, the CHN assesses factors contributing to health risks and develops strategies to reduce these risks. This includes identifying potential health hazards, vulnerabilities, and behaviors that may lead to health problems. Choice A, health promotion activities, focuses on promoting healthy behaviors rather than specifically assessing risks. Choice B, illness prevention activities, aims to prevent illnesses but doesn't necessarily assess overall health risks. Choice D, unhealthy events, is too broad and doesn't capture the comprehensive assessment of risks that a health risk appraisal entails.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because HIV-infected children have compromised immune systems and routine immunizations can pose a risk to their health. Allergies (A) and chicken pox outbreak (C) are not direct reasons for exclusion. Parental objections (D) should not dictate public health decisions.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: 2 hours. For 7-year-old children, the American Academy of Pediatrics recommends a maximum of 1-2 hours of screen time per day. Excessive screen time can lead to various negative impacts on children's physical and mental health, such as obesity, sleep problems, and behavioral issues. It is crucial for children to engage in other activities that promote physical exercise, social interaction, and cognitive development. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they exceed the recommended screen time limit and can potentially harm children's well-being.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C, reviewing facility permits and consumer confidence reports. This is the first step because it provides crucial information about potential environmental hazards in the community. By reviewing permits, you can identify sources of pollution or hazardous materials. Consumer confidence reports also give insights into water quality and potential risks. Conducting a health risk assessment of individuals (A) or surveying community members (D) would come later in the assessment process after identifying potential hazards. Performing a windshield survey (B) is important for observing the community, but it does not provide specific data on environmental health risks.