During which phase of the ovarian cycle is progesterone circulating in high amounts?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: During the luteal phase, the corpus luteum forms from the ruptured follicle after ovulation and secretes progesterone at high levels. Progesterone prepares the endometrium for implantation and maintains pregnancy. The proliferative phase (A) is characterized by estrogen dominance, preparing the endometrium for ovulation. The menstrual phase (B) involves shedding of the endometrium due to decreased hormone levels. The ovulatory phase (C) is marked by the release of the egg but not high progesterone levels. Thus, the correct answer is D as it aligns with the physiological events of the ovarian cycle.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: FSH primarily acts to stimulate the maturation of the ovarian follicle. FSH facilitates the growth and development of the follicle in the ovary, leading to the release of a mature ovum during ovulation. This process is essential for successful reproduction. Choice A is incorrect because the development of the uterine endometrium is primarily influenced by estrogen and progesterone. Choice B is incorrect as the release of the mature ovum is triggered by the surge in luteinizing hormone (LH), not FSH. Choice D is incorrect as the development of the ovary itself is not a direct function of FSH.

Correct Answer:

Rationale: Correct Answer: A (Oxytocin), C (Prolactin) Rationale: 1. Oxytocin stimulates milk ejection (let-down reflex) by contracting the muscles around the alveoli, releasing milk. 2. Prolactin is responsible for the production of milk in the mammary glands. Summary of Other Choices: - Progesterone: Plays a role in preparing the breast for lactation but doesn't directly stimulate milk production. - Luteinizing hormone: Primarily involved in ovulation and corpus luteum formation, not milk production.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: The male urethra is up to three times as long as the female urethra. This is because the male urethra serves a dual function - for both urine and semen passage, requiring a longer length for transportation. In contrast, the female urethra is shorter and primarily functions for urine passage only. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect as they do not address the primary structural difference in length between the male and female urethra.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: insulin resistance. PCOS is associated with insulin resistance, leading to an increased risk of type 2 diabetes. This is crucial for the nurse to include in patient education. A: breast cancer is not a common complication of PCOS. B: cirrhosis of the liver is not directly related to PCOS. D: insomnia is not a typical complication of PCOS. In summary, insulin resistance is the primary concern in PCOS due to its impact on metabolic health.