During treatment of metabolic acidosis, what is the expected change in serum potassium level?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In the context of treating metabolic acidosis, the expected change in serum potassium level is a key concept that nurses and healthcare providers must understand. Correct answer (A): It will drop - In metabolic acidosis, there is an excess of acid in the body leading to a shift of potassium from the intracellular to extracellular space. As treatment corrects the acid-base imbalance, potassium is taken back into the cells, causing a decrease in serum potassium levels. Option B: It will initially drop then rise - This option is incorrect because the primary effect of treating metabolic acidosis is the reduction of serum potassium levels due to the movement of potassium back into the cells. There is no subsequent rise in potassium levels expected during treatment. Option C: It will initially rise then drop - This option is incorrect as metabolic acidosis would not cause serum potassium levels to rise. The correction of acidosis leads to a decrease in serum potassium levels as potassium re-enters the cells. Option D: It will remain the same - This option is inaccurate because in the context of treating metabolic acidosis, the serum potassium level is expected to decrease as acidosis is corrected and potassium shifts intracellularly. Educational context: Understanding the relationship between acid-base balance and electrolyte levels is crucial in pediatric nursing practice. Nurses need to be able to anticipate changes in electrolyte levels during the treatment of acid-base imbalances to provide safe and effective care to pediatric patients. By comprehending the expected changes in serum potassium levels during metabolic acidosis treatment, nurses can monitor patients for potential electrolyte disturbances and intervene promptly if needed.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In the context of pediatric nursing and assessing oxygen saturation levels, an oxygen saturation of 90% indicates that ninety percent of hemoglobin is carrying oxygen (Option B). This is the correct answer because oxygen saturation represents the percentage of hemoglobin binding sites that are occupied by oxygen molecules. In this case, 90% saturation means that a significant portion of the available hemoglobin is carrying oxygen, which is essential for oxygen delivery to tissues and organs in the body. Option A, stating that the PaO2 is 90 mmHg, is incorrect because oxygen saturation and PaO2 measure different aspects of oxygen levels in the blood. PaO2 refers to the partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood, not the percentage of hemoglobin carrying oxygen. Option C, suggesting that the child is breathing 90% oxygen, is incorrect because oxygen saturation reflects the amount of oxygen bound to hemoglobin, not the concentration of oxygen in the inhaled air. Option D, claiming that you cannot give more than 10% oxygen, is also incorrect as it does not align with the interpretation of oxygen saturation levels. In a clinical setting, understanding oxygen saturation levels is crucial for assessing respiratory function and oxygenation status in pediatric patients. Nurses and healthcare providers use this information to monitor the effectiveness of oxygen therapy, identify hypoxemia, and make informed decisions about the need for supplemental oxygen or other interventions to support oxygenation. By interpreting oxygen saturation values accurately, healthcare professionals can provide safe and effective care for pediatric patients with respiratory compromise or other oxygenation issues.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In this pediatric NCLEX practice quiz question, the correct answer is B) Marked tachypnea with recessions. This option is more in favor of respiratory distress rather than circulatory failure. Tachypnea with retractions is a common sign of respiratory distress in children, indicating the body's effort to compensate for inadequate oxygenation. Option A) Cyanosis despite supplied O2 is indicative of poor oxygenation despite oxygen therapy, which is a sign of circulatory failure. Option C) Gallop rhythm/murmur and Option D) Enlarged tender liver are also signs of circulatory failure, suggesting heart-related issues causing inadequate perfusion and circulation. Educationally, understanding the differences between signs of respiratory distress and circulatory failure is crucial for pediatric nursing practice. Recognizing these signs promptly can help nurses provide appropriate interventions and prevent further complications in pediatric patients. It's essential for nurses to be able to differentiate between respiratory and circulatory issues to provide effective and timely care to children in various healthcare settings.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In this question, the correct answer is A) Cardiogenic shock. Cardiogenic shock is not associated with decreased central venous pressure because it is caused by the heart's inability to pump effectively, leading to poor perfusion of tissues. This results in elevated central venous pressure due to blood backing up in the venous system. Hypovolemic shock (answer B) is associated with decreased central venous pressure because there is a loss of intravascular volume leading to decreased blood flow to tissues. Septic shock (answer C) is associated with decreased central venous pressure due to systemic vasodilation and increased vascular permeability. Distributive shock (answer D) is also associated with decreased central venous pressure as it involves widespread vasodilation and maldistribution of blood flow. Educationally, understanding the different types of shock and their associated hemodynamic changes is crucial for nurses caring for pediatric patients. Recognizing the specific characteristics of each type of shock can help nurses intervene promptly and effectively to stabilize the patient's condition. This knowledge is vital for providing safe and competent care to pediatric patients in critical situations.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In pediatric CPR, the ideal rate of chest compressions in infants is 100 per minute (Option C). This rate is recommended by the American Heart Association (AHA) for high-quality CPR in infants. Rationale for Option C: - Chest compressions should be delivered at a rate of 100-120 per minute for infants to effectively circulate oxygenated blood to vital organs. - This rate ensures adequate perfusion and oxygenation during CPR, increasing the chances of survival. Rationale for other options: - Option A (150 per minute) is too fast for infant CPR and may not allow for full chest recoil, compromising blood flow. - Option B (125 per minute) is also faster than the recommended rate, potentially decreasing the effectiveness of compressions. - Option D (75 per minute) is too slow for infant CPR and may not generate enough blood flow to maintain vital organ perfusion. Educational context: Understanding the correct rate of chest compressions in pediatric CPR is crucial for healthcare providers, especially those working with infants. By adhering to the recommended guidelines, providers can improve outcomes for pediatric patients in cardiac arrest situations. Proper training and regular practice in CPR techniques, including chest compressions, are essential for healthcare professionals to deliver high-quality, life-saving interventions in emergency situations.