During thoracentesis, which of the following nursing intervention will be most crucial?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Maintaining strict aseptic technique during thoracentesis is the most crucial nursing intervention. Thoracentesis is a procedure where a needle is inserted into the pleural space to obtain a sample of fluid for diagnostic purposes or to drain excess fluid for therapeutic relief. It is essential to prevent the introduction of pathogens or contaminants into the pleural space, as this can lead to serious complications such as infection. By following strict aseptic technique, the risk of complications can be minimized, ensuring the safety and well-being of the patient undergoing the procedure.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: CT scan of head and neck is not a feature of REM sleep; it is an imaging study unrelated to the physiological characteristics of REM sleep.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Tetralogy of Fallot typically causes cyanosis, clubbing, and a systolic murmur due to right-to-left shunting.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: When performing an otoscopic exam on a school-age child, the nurse should pull the pinna (outer ear) of the child in an upward and backward direction. This technique helps to straighten the ear canal, allowing for better visualization and easier insertion of the otoscope to examine the ear canal and eardrum. Pulling the pinna in the wrong direction could potentially cause discomfort to the child or obstruct the view of the ear canal. Therefore, pulling the pinna up and back is the correct direction for this age group.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Hypothermia is not traditionally considered a teratogen compared to others listed.