During therapy with the hematopoietic drug epoetin alfa (Epogen), the nurse instructs the patient about adverse effects that may occur, such as

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: hypertension. Epoetin alfa stimulates red blood cell production, which can lead to increased blood viscosity and subsequently hypertension. This adverse effect is well-documented and requires close monitoring during therapy. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect as anxiety, drowsiness, and constipation are not commonly associated with epoetin alfa therapy. It is important for the nurse to educate the patient on the potential adverse effects of hypertension and the importance of monitoring blood pressure regularly during treatment.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Procaine. Patients with liver disease have impaired metabolism and clearance of certain drugs. Procaine is the anesthetic agent of choice in patients with liver disease because it is metabolized in plasma rather than the liver, reducing the risk of toxicity. Lidocaine (A) and Bupivacaine (B) are primarily metabolized by the liver and can accumulate in patients with liver disease, leading to toxicity. Etidocaine (D) is also metabolized by the liver and should be avoided in patients with liver dysfunction. Therefore, Procaine is the safest choice in this scenario.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Bronchodilation. Isofluorophate is an organophosphate compound that acts as a cholinesterase inhibitor, leading to increased acetylcholine levels. Lacrimation, muscle twitching, and salivation are all effects of increased acetylcholine activity due to cholinesterase inhibition. However, bronchodilation is not typically associated with increased acetylcholine levels. Therefore, the correct answer is B. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because they are known effects of increased acetylcholine activity.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Cardiovascular collapse. Ganglion blocking drugs are not used for cardiovascular collapse because they can worsen the condition by further reducing blood pressure. These drugs are indicated for hypertensive crises, controlled hypotension, and pulmonary edema due to their ability to block ganglionic transmission and lower blood pressure. In cardiovascular collapse, the priority is to increase blood pressure and perfusion, which is not achieved by using ganglion blocking drugs. Therefore, using these drugs in cardiovascular collapse can be detrimental. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because ganglion blocking drugs can be beneficial in managing hypertensive crises, controlled hypotension, and pulmonary edema, respectively.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Step 1: Methoxamine is an alpha1-selective agonist, meaning it specifically targets alpha1 receptors. Step 2: Alpha1 receptors are found in smooth muscles, and activation causes vasoconstriction. Step 3: Methoxamine's selective action on alpha1 receptors makes it suitable for conditions requiring vasoconstriction. Step 4: Norepinephrine (A) is a non-selective agonist for alpha and beta receptors, not specifically targeting alpha1 receptors. Step 5: Ritodrine (C) is a beta2-selective agonist used for tocolysis in preterm labor, not targeting alpha1 receptors. Step 6: Ephedrine (D) is a mixed-acting sympathomimetic that acts on both alpha and beta receptors, not alpha1-selective.