During the third stage of labor, what may the birthing person experience?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: During the third stage of labor, the correct answer is B because it describes the typical experiences of the birthing person during this stage. Cramping signifies uterine contractions, a gush of fresh vaginal bleeding indicates the delivery of the placenta, and lengthening of the umbilical cord indicates separation from the placenta. The other options are incorrect as they do not align with the physiological processes of the third stage of labor. A is incorrect as the fetus is delivered in the second stage, not the third. C is incorrect as dyspnea (difficulty breathing) is not a common symptom during the third stage. D is incorrect as increased blood pressure and pain are not typical experiences during this stage.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because having multiple family members in the room during labor can be overwhelming and hinder the progress of labor. It is important for the laboring person to have privacy, focus, and reduce stress for a smoother labor experience. Asking the family members to leave the room ensures a calm and supportive environment for the laboring person. Incorrect Choices: A: Educating the family about pain normalcy is helpful, but privacy and focus are more crucial during labor. C: Mentioning epidural may not be appropriate as it is the laboring person's decision and may not be the best option for everyone. D: Assuming the laboring person wants family in the room without considering their preference may not be the best approach for their comfort and progress in labor.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because maternal-fetal exchange of oxygen and waste products continues during uterine contractions unless placental functions are reduced. Contractions do not directly affect this exchange, so option A is incorrect. Option B is incorrect because blood pressure changes do not necessarily impact the exchange. Option C is incorrect because spiral arteries play a role in supplying blood to the placenta, but compression during contractions does not halt the exchange process.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Engagement. Engagement occurs when the largest diameter of the fetal presenting part passes through the pelvic inlet, indicating the descent of the fetal head into the pelvis. This is a crucial step in labor progress as it signifies the baby's readiness for birth. A: Extension occurs during the second stage of labor when the baby's head passes through the birth canal. C: Internal rotation is the movement of the baby's head within the pelvis to align with the maternal pelvis. D: External rotation happens after the baby's head is delivered to allow for the shoulders to rotate for birth. In summary, engagement is the correct answer as it specifically refers to the largest diameter of the fetal presenting part passing the pelvic inlet, setting the stage for the progression of labor.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Cervical dilation and effacement. This is the key indicator of true labor as it signifies the physiological changes needed for the cervix to open and thin out, allowing the baby to pass through the birth canal. Bloody show (A) can be present in early labor but is not a definitive sign. Fetal descent (C) and regular uterine contractions (D) are important, but cervical changes are the most reliable indicator of true labor initiation.