Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The modified Trendelenburg position involves placing the client with their legs elevated higher than their head. This position promotes venous return to the heart, increasing preload and cardiac output, thereby leading to an increase in blood pressure. Elevating the legs helps to reduce peripheral edema and improve circulation. Therefore, the correct answer is A. Choice B is incorrect because the Trendelenburg position does not directly affect the respiratory rate. Choice C is incorrect as the position is not intended to increase heart rate but rather improve venous return. Choice D is also incorrect as the primary goal of the Trendelenburg position is not to decrease blood loss, although it may help in some cases by improving circulation.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because the absence of skin breakdown indicates that the turning schedule was effective in preventing pressure ulcers. Skin breakdown is a key indicator of pressure ulcer development, so its absence suggests that the patient's skin integrity was maintained. Choice A is incorrect because documentation alone does not guarantee successful prevention. Choice B is incorrect as redness on the heels can still indicate the early stages of pressure ulcers. Choice C is unrelated to skin integrity and pressure ulcer prevention.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Risk for body image disturbance. In the context of Maslow's hierarchy of needs, physiological needs take precedence over psychological needs. For a client in the intensive care unit with congestive heart failure, ensuring physiological needs like airway clearance, urinary elimination, and coping are addressed first is crucial for survival. Body image disturbance is a higher-level psychological need and can be addressed once basic physiological needs are met. Therefore, addressing the risk for body image disturbance would have the lowest priority compared to the other options provided.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Sigmoidoscopy. This procedure allows direct visualization of the lower colon and rectum, enabling the detection of colorectal cancer. Stool hematest (A) detects blood in the stool but does not confirm cancer. Abdominal CT (B) can show abnormalities but is not specific for colorectal cancer. CEA scan (C) measures a tumor marker but is not definitive for diagnosis. Sigmoidoscopy (D) is the gold standard for diagnosing colorectal cancer as it allows for direct visualization and tissue biopsy.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: in a semi-fowler's position. This position helps to improve ventilation and oxygenation by allowing the unaffected lung to expand fully. It also prevents further compression of the affected lung. Trendelenburg position (B) could worsen the pneumothorax by causing more pressure on the affected lung. Prone position (C) is not recommended as it can further compress the affected lung. Placing the patient on the right side (D) would not be beneficial in this case as it does not facilitate lung expansion on the affected side.