During the evaluation phase of drug administration, the nurse completes which responsibilities?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In the context of safety pharmacology across the lifespan, the correct answer to this question is option C: monitors the patient for therapeutic and adverse effects. Monitoring the patient for both therapeutic effects (desired outcomes) and adverse effects (potential harm) is a critical responsibility during the evaluation phase of drug administration. This step ensures that the drug is having the intended effect and that any negative reactions are promptly identified and managed. It involves assessing the patient's response to the medication, observing for any signs of improvement or worsening of symptoms, and documenting any unexpected reactions. Option A, preparing and administering correctly, while important, primarily falls under the administration phase of drug administration rather than evaluation. Option B, establishing goals and outcome criteria related to drug therapy, is more related to the planning phase of drug administration where the nurse sets the objectives for the therapy. Option D, gathering data in a drug and dietary history, is typically part of the assessment phase where the nurse collects information to inform the decision-making process but is not specific to the evaluation phase. In an educational context, understanding the responsibilities during each phase of drug administration is crucial for nurses to ensure safe and effective patient care. Emphasizing the importance of monitoring for therapeutic and adverse effects during the evaluation phase helps reinforce the significance of ongoing assessment and vigilance in pharmacological management.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In teaching about humoral and cell-mediated immune responses, it is crucial to provide accurate information to student nurses. The correct answer, option C, states that humoral immunity refers to immune responses mediated by antibodies. This is accurate because humoral immunity involves the production of antibodies by B lymphocytes to combat pathogens in extracellular fluid. Option A is incorrect because helper T cells are primarily involved in cell-mediated immunity, not humoral immunity. They assist in activating other immune cells and are crucial for coordinating the immune response. Option B is also incorrect as B lymphocytes are key players in humoral immunity, not cell-mediated immunity. B cells differentiate into plasma cells that produce antibodies, which are central to humoral immune responses. Providing this educational context helps student nurses understand the distinctions between humoral and cell-mediated immunity, enhancing their comprehension of immune system function and the body's defense mechanisms against pathogens.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In the context of Safety Pharmacology Across the Lifespan, understanding social determinants of health is crucial as it impacts medication access and adherence. The correct answer is C) a patient assistance program. This option is the most appropriate because patient assistance programs are specifically designed to help individuals with limited financial resources access expensive medications like Victoza. Option A) a prescription payment plan, may not be feasible for a patient with very limited financial resources as it still requires payment. Option B) the $4 list at Walmart and option D) the $10 list at Walmart may offer discounted prices for some medications, but Victoza is likely not included on these lists due to its cost. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of considering social determinants of health in clinical practice. It emphasizes the role of healthcare providers in advocating for patients with limited resources by exploring all available options to ensure they can access necessary medications for their health and well-being. Understanding resources like patient assistance programs equips healthcare providers to provide holistic care that addresses not just medical needs but also social and economic factors impacting health outcomes.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Levalbuterol is a beta-2 adrenergic agonist that acts on bronchial smooth muscle to cause bronchodilation. It is inhaled and short-acting, commonly used to prevent or treat bronchospasm, including exercise-induced asthma episodes. The other options misclassify the drug or its administration route and therapeutic use.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B) Blocking muscarinic receptors of the bronchi, resulting in bronchodilation. Ipratropium is an anticholinergic medication that works by blocking muscarinic receptors in the bronchi, leading to bronchodilation. This mechanism of action helps to relieve bronchospasm by inhibiting the effects of acetylcholine on these receptors, thereby promoting smooth muscle relaxation and improving airflow in the lungs. Option A is incorrect because antagonizing b2 adrenergic receptors would actually lead to bronchoconstriction, which is the opposite effect of what is desired in treating bronchospasm. Option C is incorrect as agonizing muscarinic receptors would also not lead to bronchodilation but rather bronchoconstriction. Option D is unrelated to the mechanism of action of Ipratropium as it mentions antagonizing a1 adrenergic receptors of the myocardium, which does not relate to bronchodilation. In an educational context, understanding the mechanism of action of medications used in the management of respiratory conditions is crucial for nurses to provide safe and effective care to their patients. Knowing how Ipratropium works allows nurses to anticipate its effects, monitor for therapeutic outcomes, and recognize and manage any potential adverse reactions. This knowledge enhances nursing practice and contributes to positive patient outcomes.