During slow wave sleep (stage 3 and 4 NREM sleep):

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: During slow wave sleep (stage 3 and 4 NREM sleep), somnambulism (sleepwalking) and nightmares occur. This is because these stages are characterized by deep sleep, where the brain activity is at its lowest, making it more likely for these types of sleep disturbances to happen. Choice A is incorrect because dreams primarily occur during REM sleep, not slow wave sleep. Choice B is incorrect as the secretion of adrenal steroids typically peaks in the early morning, not during slow wave sleep. Choice D is incorrect as the secretion of somatotropin (growth hormone) is actually at its highest during slow wave sleep, aiding in physical growth and repair.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Mu-receptors. Mu-receptors are responsible for euphoria and respiratory depression because they are primarily involved in the analgesic effects and central nervous system depression associated with opioids. Kappa-receptors (choice A) are more related to analgesia and sedation. Delta-receptors (choice B) are also involved in analgesia but to a lesser extent compared to Mu-receptors. Choice D is incorrect as not all opioid receptors are responsible for euphoria and respiratory depression.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Certainly! The correct answer is C: Alcohol dehydrogenase. Fomepizole is used in treating methanol and ethylene glycol toxicity by inhibiting alcohol dehydrogenase, preventing the formation of toxic metabolites. This mechanism blocks the conversion of methanol and ethylene glycol into their toxic byproducts, formic acid, and glycolic acid, respectively. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect as fomepizole does not target aldehyde dehydrogenase, acetylcholinesterase, or monoamine oxidase in this context.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Clozapine. Clozapine is known for its high risk of potentially fatal agranulocytosis, a serious blood disorder. It also carries a risk of seizures at high doses. Haloperidol (A) is associated with extrapyramidal symptoms, not agranulocytosis or seizures. Risperidone (B) is less likely to cause agranulocytosis or seizures compared to clozapine. Chlorpromazine (D) can cause agranulocytosis but is not as well-known for this risk as clozapine.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because actoprotectors are substances that improve physical efficiency by enhancing endurance, stamina, and overall physical performance. This is supported by scientific evidence showing their positive effects on exercise capacity and fatigue resistance. Choice B is incorrect because cognition enhancers focus on improving cognitive functions, not physical performance. Choice C is incorrect as actoprotectors do not raise non-specific resistance towards stresses but specifically target physical efficiency. Choice D is incorrect because actoprotectors do not directly stimulate respiratory and vasomotor centers in the brain, but rather enhance physical capabilities.