During routine prenatal testing, a patient is diagnosed with human immunodeficiency virus infection. To help prevent perinatal transmission of human immunodeficiency virus to the fetus, what is the nurse's best action?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Provide written and oral education about the use of antiretroviral therapy during pregnancy. This is the best action because antiretroviral therapy has been proven to significantly reduce the risk of perinatal transmission of HIV. By educating the patient about the importance and benefits of adhering to antiretroviral therapy during pregnancy, the nurse can help protect the fetus from contracting HIV. A: Providing contact information for an AIDS support group may be helpful, but it does not directly address preventing perinatal transmission. B: Educating the patient about the risks is important, but it is crucial to also provide actionable steps like antiretroviral therapy. C: Notifying the CDC is not within the nurse's scope of practice and may not directly benefit the patient in preventing perinatal transmission.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Rationale: 1. Posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) is linked to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). 2. EBV infects B cells and can lead to lymphoproliferative disorders, especially in immunocompromised individuals. 3. In transplant recipients, EBV reactivation can cause PTLD due to suppressed immune function. 4. Cytomegalovirus, Herpes simplex virus, and Human immunodeficiency virus are not typically associated with PTLD. Summary: - A: Cytomegalovirus is not the correct answer as it is not primarily linked to PTLD. - B: Herpes simplex virus does not cause PTLD; it mainly causes cold sores and genital herpes. - D: Human immunodeficiency virus can lead to AIDS-related lymphomas but is not the primary virus associated with PTLD.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Correct Answer: B Rationale: 1. Continuing all other drugs as prescribed ensures optimal management of her underlying health condition during pregnancy. 2. Abruptly discontinuing other medications could lead to worsening of her condition or potential risks to the fetus. 3. Stopping belatacept immediately is not recommended as the patient has already made an informed decision to continue it. 4. Consulting with a genetic counselor may be beneficial but is not directly related to the immediate need of managing her medications during pregnancy.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because administering varicella vaccine to a pregnant woman can pose serious risks to the fetus, including birth defects. This finding has the greatest implication for care as it involves the safety and well-being of both the woman and the unborn child. A: Fear of needles is a common issue that can be managed with appropriate support and techniques. B: Allergy to eggs is a contraindication for receiving the varicella vaccine, but alternative vaccines can be considered. C: Past history of leukemia as a child may affect the immune response to the vaccine, but it is not as critical as pregnancy in this scenario.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because knowing the type of vaccine is crucial for immunocompromised children to ensure the vaccine is appropriate and safe. For an immunocompromised child, certain live vaccines may be contraindicated due to the risk of causing severe infections. Option B is not as critical as the type of vaccine. Option C, while important, does not address the specific safety concerns for an immunocompromised child. Option D is also important but does not directly impact the safety of the upcoming vaccination. Therefore, understanding the type of vaccine is the most crucial information before administering it to an immunocompromised child.