During routine prenatal testing, a patient is diagnosed with human immunodeficiency virus infection. To help prevent perinatal transmission of human immunodeficiency virus to the fetus, what is the nurse's best action?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because providing education about antiretroviral therapy during pregnancy is crucial in preventing perinatal transmission of HIV. Antiretroviral therapy significantly reduces the risk of transmission from mother to fetus. By educating the patient about the benefits and importance of adhering to antiretroviral therapy, the nurse empowers the patient to make informed decisions for the health of the fetus. Choice A is incorrect because while support groups are important for emotional support, they do not directly address preventing perinatal transmission. Choice B is incorrect as educating about risks alone without providing specific preventive measures is not sufficient. Choice C is incorrect as notifying the CDC is not within the nurse's scope and does not directly impact prevention for this patient.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Rationale for Correct Answer C (Epstein-Barr virus) - Posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) is commonly associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) due to its ability to induce uncontrolled lymphocyte proliferation in immunocompromised individuals. EBV is known to cause PTLD in transplant recipients. Summary of Incorrect Choices: A (Cytomegalovirus) - Although cytomegalovirus can cause complications in transplant recipients, it is not directly associated with PTLD. B (Herpes simplex virus) - Herpes simplex virus does not typically cause PTLD in transplant recipients. D (Human immunodeficiency virus) - HIV can lead to immunosuppression, but it is not directly linked to PTLD.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Step 1: Continuing all other drugs as prescribed ensures that the patient's underlying medical conditions are properly managed during pregnancy. Step 2: Discontinuing other drugs could lead to uncontrolled health issues, posing risks to both the mother and the fetus. Step 3: Stopping belatacept immediately without medical guidance could result in rejection of a transplanted organ. Step 4: Consulting with a genetic counselor is not necessary in this scenario as the primary concern is managing the patient's medical conditions during pregnancy.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because administering the varicella vaccine to a pregnant woman can pose risks to both the woman and the fetus. Varicella vaccine is a live attenuated vaccine and is contraindicated during pregnancy due to the potential risk of transmitting the virus to the fetus. This can lead to congenital varicella syndrome, which can cause serious birth defects. Choice A is not the correct answer as fear of needles can be managed with appropriate nursing interventions. Choice B is not the correct answer because while the varicella vaccine is produced in chick embryo cell cultures, the risk of an allergic reaction in someone with a history of egg allergy is low. Choice C is not the correct answer as a history of leukemia as a child is not a contraindication to receiving the varicella vaccine.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because knowing the type of vaccine to be administered is crucial for an immunocompromised child to assess its safety and efficacy. Different vaccines have varying levels of risk and efficacy for immunocompromised individuals. Choice B is not directly related to the safety or appropriateness of administering the vaccine. Choice C, while important, does not provide immediate information on the specific vaccine being administered. Choice D, although relevant, does not provide information on the specific vaccine's safety for an immunocompromised child.