During routine care, Francis asks the nurse, "How can I be anemic if this disease causes increased my white blood cell production?" The nurse in-charge best response would be that the increased number of white blood cells (WBC) is:

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Crowd red blood cells. White blood cells (WBC) can crowd out red blood cells in conditions like leukemia, leading to anemia. This happens because the excess WBC takes up space in the bone marrow where red blood cells are produced, reducing their numbers. This directly contributes to anemia. Choice B is incorrect because WBC can indeed contribute to anemia by crowding out red blood cells. Choice C is incorrect as WBC do not utilize nutrients from other cells in a way that directly causes anemia. Choice D is incorrect as WBC typically have a normal life span and their impact on anemia is due to crowding out red blood cells rather than having a short life span.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because joint flexion of less than 50% indicates limited range of motion, which can affect the success and safety of arthroscopy. Limited flexion may hinder the surgeon's ability to maneuver instruments inside the joint. Joint pain (choice A) is a common reason for arthroscopy, not a contraindication. Joint deformity (choice B) may also be a reason for arthroscopy, not a contraindication. Joint stiffness (choice D) can be addressed during arthroscopy, so it is not a contraindication.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Adrenal cortex. Primary hyperaldosteronism is a condition where there is excessive aldosterone production by the adrenal cortex. Aldosterone is a hormone responsible for regulating blood pressure by promoting sodium and water retention in the kidneys, leading to increased blood volume and subsequent hypertension. The adrenal medulla (C) secretes catecholamines such as epinephrine and norepinephrine, not aldosterone. The pancreas (B) secretes insulin and glucagon, not aldosterone. The parathyroid (D) secretes parathyroid hormone, which regulates calcium levels, not aldosterone. Therefore, the correct answer is A because primary hyperaldosteronism is specifically related to excessive aldosterone production by the adrenal cortex.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because dyspnea, tachycardia, and pallor are classic signs of iron-deficiency anemia. - Dyspnea is due to decreased oxygen-carrying capacity from low hemoglobin levels. - Tachycardia occurs as the heart compensates for the decreased oxygen by pumping faster. - Pallor results from reduced red blood cell production. The other choices are incorrect: - A: Night sweats, weight loss, and diarrhea are not typically associated with iron-deficiency anemia. - C: Nausea, vomiting, and anorexia are more commonly seen in other types of anemia or gastrointestinal issues. - D: Itching, rash, and jaundice are not specific to iron-deficiency anemia.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Rationale: 1. A complete blood count (CBC) assesses various components like red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. 2. Hematocrit (HCT) measures the percentage of red blood cells in the blood, and hemoglobin (Hb) is a protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen. 3. Low HCT and Hb levels could indicate anemia, which may affect oxygen delivery to tissues and increase surgical risks. 4. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because CBC does not directly assess hepatic function (A), urine constituents (B), or electrolyte imbalance (D). Summary of Incorrect Choices: A: Not related to CBC, which focuses on blood cell parameters. B: CBC does not analyze urine constituents but rather blood components. D: Electrolyte imbalance is not typically assessed through a CBC test.