During resuscitation ,which one of the following is the most reliable as a guide to volume replacement?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Urinary output. Urinary output is the most reliable guide to volume replacement during resuscitation because it directly reflects the perfusion of vital organs and the body's ability to eliminate excess fluid. Adequate urinary output indicates effective fluid resuscitation, while decreased urinary output may indicate inadequate perfusion and the need for further volume replacement. Monitoring urinary output helps ensure appropriate fluid balance and prevents complications such as fluid overload or organ damage. Other choices are not as reliable for volume replacement guidance: A: Heart rate can be influenced by various factors such as pain, stress, medications, and underlying medical conditions. B: Hematocrit reflects the concentration of red blood cells in the blood, which may not accurately reflect volume status during resuscitation. C: Blood pressure can be affected by many factors such as medications, pain, and underlying conditions, making it less reliable as a sole guide for volume replacement.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Tilt head and lift chin. This is the simplest and most effective way to open the airway in an unconscious patient. By tilting the head back and lifting the chin, the tongue is pulled away from the back of the throat, preventing obstruction and allowing for easier breathing. This maneuver helps to maintain a clear airway and facilitates better airflow to the lungs. Other choices are incorrect because: A: "Pull out the tongue" can be dangerous and may cause further obstruction. C: Lifting the neck from behind does not directly address airway obstruction. D: Jaw thrust is a technique used for patients with suspected spinal injuries, not the simplest method for airway management in an unconscious patient.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Control of hemorrhage. Managing hemorrhage is essential to prevent shock and ensure adequate perfusion to the affected limb. This step is crucial in stabilizing the patient's condition before addressing other priorities. A: Reduction of pain, while important, is not the primary concern in the acute phase of a long bone fracture. B: Prevention of infection is important, but not the immediate priority. C: Prevention of further soft tissue injury is also crucial, but controlling hemorrhage takes precedence to prevent life-threatening complications.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because residents with dementia tend to have longer stays in long-term care facilities due to the progressive nature of the condition and the need for ongoing specialized care. Residents admitted for terminal care (choice A) typically have shorter stays as they are in the final stages of life. Residents admitted for rehabilitation or temporary illness (choice B) stay for a shorter duration as they receive treatment and recover. Residents who are developmentally disabled (choice C) may have varying lengths of stay but typically not as long as those with dementia due to different care needs. In summary, the correct answer is D because dementia requires long-term care, while the other choices involve shorter stays for different reasons.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because a code of ethics in healthcare focuses on valuing residents and providing ethical care. This involves prioritizing the well-being and rights of residents above all else. Choice A is incorrect as speed is not the primary concern in ethical care. Choice B is incorrect as cost control should not compromise ethical standards. Choice D is incorrect because sharing personal opinions can potentially conflict with providing unbiased and professional care to residents.