During resuscitation ,which one of the following is the most reliable as a guide to volume replacement?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Urinary output. This is because urinary output is a direct indicator of kidney perfusion and function, reflecting the body's response to volume status. Increasing urinary output suggests adequate volume replacement, while decreasing output may indicate hypovolemia. Heart rate, hematocrit, and blood pressure can be influenced by various factors and may not always accurately reflect volume status. Urinary output is considered the most reliable guide to volume replacement during resuscitation as it provides real-time feedback on kidney perfusion and fluid balance.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Tilt head and lift chin. This technique, known as the head-tilt chin-lift maneuver, is the simplest and most effective way to open the airway in an unconscious patient. By tilting the head back and lifting the chin, the tongue is moved away from the back of the throat, allowing for better airflow. This maneuver helps prevent airway obstruction and facilitates breathing. Explanation of why other choices are incorrect: A: "Pull out the tongue" - This is incorrect as it can potentially cause harm by pushing the tongue back further and obstructing the airway. C: Lift neck from behind - This is incorrect as it can cause further injury to the neck and spine of an unconscious patient. D: Jaw thrust - While jaw thrust is another technique used to open the airway, it is more complex and requires training to perform correctly, making it less simple than the head-tilt chin-lift maneuver.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Control of hemorrhage. This is the first priority in managing a long bone fracture to prevent life-threatening blood loss. Hemorrhage can lead to hypovolemic shock and must be addressed immediately. A: Reduction of pain can be addressed after hemorrhage control. B: Prevention of infection is important but secondary to hemorrhage control. C: Prevention of further soft tissue injury is important but not as critical as controlling hemorrhage.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because residents with dementia typically require long-term care due to the progressive nature of the disease, leading to longer stays. Choice A is incorrect as terminal care residents usually have shorter stays. Choice B is incorrect as rehab or temporary illness residents have shorter stays. Choice C is incorrect as developmentally disabled residents may have varying lengths of stay but not necessarily the longest.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because a code of ethics in healthcare revolves around valuing residents and providing ethical care. This involves prioritizing the well-being and dignity of individuals over other considerations. Choice A focuses on efficiency, not ethics. Choice B pertains to financial management, not ethical principles. Choice D involves personal biases, which can compromise ethical care. In summary, valuing residents and giving ethical care aligns with the core principles of healthcare ethics, making it the correct choice.