ATI RN
Urinary System Multiple Choice Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
During nucleotide biosynthesis, which of the following contribute to the structure of BOTH purines and pyrimidines?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Glutamine donates nitrogen to both purines (N3, N9) and pyrimidines (amide), unlike aspartic acid (purines), glutamic acid (indirect), or glycine (purines). This specifies nucleotide synthesis, key for DNA/RNA, contrasting with limited contributors.
Question 2 of 5
A female infant, age 2 years, has a fever and bloody urine. Microscopic examination of the urine reveals red blood cells and neutrophils but no casts. The most likely diagnosis is:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Fever, hematuria, and neutrophils without casts suggest acute cystitis (infection), not RCC (adults), stones (obstruction), glomerulonephritis (casts), or polycystic kidney (chronic). This aligns with pediatric UTI, key for rapid treatment, contrasting with neoplastic or chronic conditions.
Question 3 of 5
Indicate the diuretic that can produce extracellular volume expansion
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Mannitol (osmotic diuretic) expands extracellular volume by retaining water not thiazides, acetazolamide, or triamterene (Na+ effects). This distinguishes osmotic action, key for cerebral edema, contrasting with natriuretic diuretics.
Question 4 of 5
All of the following is true about polycystic kidney disease EXCEPT:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Autosomal dominant (AD) PKD is common, presents 20-50, progresses to ESRF, and 50% familial not recessive (AR, childhood). This corrects genetics, key for diagnosis, contrasting with recessive misconception.
Question 5 of 5
The upper third of the posterior surface of the kidney is related to
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Upper posterior kidney contacts the diaphragm not psoas, quadratus, or transversus (lower relations). This defines renal anatomy, key for surgical context, contrasting with lower muscles.