ATI RN
Infectious Disease Pediatric Questions
Question 1 of 5
During intrauterine life, hemoglobin concentration increases from 8 to 10 g/dL at 12 weeks to 16.5 to 18 g/dL at
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Hemoglobin reaches 16.5-18 g/dL at term (40 weeks, D), per fetal hematology.
Question 2 of 5
Arterial blood gas analysis (BGA) should perform in all infants with significant respiratory distress, whether or not cyanosis is perceived. All the following are true about a normal values of arterial BGA in term infants EXCEPT
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Normal term infant PaOâ‚‚ rises to 75-80 mm Hg by 4-24 hours (D, E). 55-60 mm Hg (C) is too low for 30 minutes, per norms.
Question 3 of 5
A 13-month-old previously healthy child presents on New Year's Eve with a 1-day history of fever, lethargy, and left-side focal motor seizure activity. The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) reveals 170 lymphocytes $/ \mathrm{mm}^3, 400$ red blood cells $/ \mathrm{mm}^3$, protein of $150 \mathrm{mg} / \mathrm{dL}$, and normal glucose level. MRI scan reveals right temporal abnormalities. The single most appropriate therapy to begin empirically while awaiting definitive diagnosis would be
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: HSV encephalitis, suggested by temporal lobe findings and CSF lymphocytosis, requires urgent acyclovir treatment.
Question 4 of 5
Antimotility agents have a role in therapy of acute diarrhea in infants and toddlers with gastroenteritis due to
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Antimotility agents are contraindicated in infectious diarrhea in children due to risk of prolonged illness or complications.
Question 5 of 5
Patients who should receive prophylaxis for $P$. carinii pneumonia are those afflicted with
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) increases risk for Pneumocystis pneumonia, requiring prophylaxis.