During her labor, Renee asks for a mild dose of painkillers to help her relax. Renee will probably be given __________.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Renee will likely be given an analgesic during her labor to help manage her pain and provide relaxation. Analgesics are painkillers that can help reduce pain without causing loss of consciousness, making them suitable for labor pain management. Examples of analgesics commonly used during labor include opioids like morphine and non-opioids like acetaminophen.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The rooting reflex is the correct answer. This reflex helps a newborn baby find the nipple by turning their head and opening their mouth when their cheek is stroked or touched. This is crucial for the baby to locate and latch onto the mother's breast for feeding. The rooting reflex typically disappears around 4 months of age.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Preterm newborns, like Cheryl, experience a higher percentage of REM sleep compared to full-term newborns. This is because REM sleep plays a critical role in brain development, and preterm infants have an increased need for brain development due to their early arrival. Therefore, Cheryl, as a preterm newborn, is most likely to experience the greatest percentage of REM sleep among the individuals listed.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is D) Cigarette smoking by a caregiver. This is because exposure to cigarette smoke has been identified as a significant risk factor for Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS). Cigarette smoke contains harmful chemicals that can impair an infant's respiratory and cardiovascular systems, making them more vulnerable to SIDS. Option A) Failure to tightly swaddle an infant during sleep is incorrect because swaddling is a common practice to provide comfort and security to infants during sleep, and when done correctly, it does not increase the risk of SIDS. Option B) Using a pacifier or a security blanket is actually recommended to reduce the risk of SIDS. These items can help soothe the infant and promote safe sleep practices. Option C) Placing an infant to sleep on his back is the recommended position to reduce the risk of SIDS. This is a crucial safe sleep practice that has been widely promoted to prevent SIDS. Educationally, understanding the risk factors associated with SIDS is essential for healthcare professionals working with infants and their caregivers. By knowing which factors increase the risk of SIDS, healthcare providers can educate parents and caregivers on how to create a safe sleep environment for infants, ultimately helping to prevent this tragic outcome. It is crucial to communicate the dangers of cigarette smoke exposure to infants and emphasize the importance of maintaining a smoke-free environment to protect the infant's health and well-being.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Offering a sugar solution while gently holding the baby can help reduce the newborn's discomfort during circumcision. This method has been found to effectively decrease pain perception and can provide some comfort to the baby during the procedure. Stimulating the Babinski reflex, playing loud music to distract the baby, and assuming newborns have low sensitivity to pain are not recommended strategies for reducing discomfort during circumcision.