ATI RN
ATI Proctored Pharmacology 2024 Questions
Question 1 of 5
During diuretic therapy, the nurse monitors the fluid and electrolyte status of the patient. Which assessment findings are symptoms of hyponatremia? (Select all that apply.)
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Lethargy is a common symptom of hyponatremia, which is a low sodium level in the blood. it is often associated with a decrease in brain function due to the imbalance of electrolytes.
Question 2 of 5
A 63-year-old woman with congestive heart failure begins to have lower extremity swelling. She starts taking a diuretic and the swelling improves significantly. Over the next few days, however, she develops ringing in her ears. Which of the following diuretics is she taking?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Diuretics treat CHF edema, but tinnitus suggests a side effect. Furosemide , a loop diuretic, causes ototoxicity (ringing in ears) at high doses. Acetazolamide , a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, doesn't typically cause this. Hydrochlorothiazide , a thiazide, rarely affects hearing. Mannitol , an osmotic diuretic, and Spironolactone (E), an aldosterone antagonist, lack ototoxicity. Furosemide's rapid action on edema fits CHF, but its cochlear toxicity explains the symptom, common in loop diuretics.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is giving medicinal instructions to a female client receiving leflunomide (Arava). Which of the following is an appropriate instruction with the use of the medication?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Leflunomide is teratogenic and can cause severe birth defects. Women of childbearing age must use effective contraception during treatment and for a period after discontinuation. Breastfeeding is contraindicated due to the risk of harm to the infant. Cholestyramine is used to accelerate the elimination of leflunomide in case of toxicity, not to lessen side effects. Improvement in symptoms typically takes weeks, not days.
Question 4 of 5
Which of the following is most effective as a topical agent for a candida infection of the skin?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Cutaneous candidiasis needs topical antifungals. Griseofulvin treats dermatophytes orally, not candida topically. Beclometasone, a steroid, worsens fungal growth. Aciclovir targets herpes, not fungi. Amphotericin is IV for systemic use. Nystatin binds ergosterol in candida membranes, most effective topically for skin infections, widely used for its specificity and safety.
Question 5 of 5
Which symptoms experienced over 1 month would be most helpful to diagnose bipolar disorder?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Bipolar disorder's mania includes increased goal-directed activity, talkativeness, and distractibility-per DSM-5-over a month with depression cycles. Sleep/death/hallucinations lean psychotic. Delusions/fatigue suggest schizophrenia or depression. Eating/despair/ideas mix symptoms. Manic traits diagnose, per criteria.