During diuretic therapy, the nurse monitors the fluid and electrolyte status of the patient. Which assessment findings are symptoms of hyponatremia? (Select all that apply.)

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In this question, the correct answer is option B) Lethargy. Hyponatremia is a condition characterized by low sodium levels in the blood. Lethargy is a common symptom of hyponatremia because low sodium levels can affect brain function and lead to fatigue and confusion. Option A) Red, flushed skin is not a symptom of hyponatremia. It is more commonly associated with conditions like fever or allergic reactions. Option C) Decreased urination is not a symptom of hyponatremia. In fact, hyponatremia can sometimes lead to an increase in urination due to the effects on kidney function. Option D) Hypotension is not a typical symptom of hyponatremia. Low sodium levels can affect blood volume and potentially lead to changes in blood pressure, but hypotension is not a direct symptom of hyponatremia. Educationally, understanding the signs and symptoms of electrolyte imbalances, such as hyponatremia, is crucial for nurses monitoring patients on diuretic therapy. Recognizing these symptoms early can help prevent complications and guide appropriate interventions to maintain electrolyte balance and ensure patient safety.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Packed red blood cells (PRBCs) are primarily used to treat patients with severe anemia, where the patient's red blood cell count is significantly low. Severe anemia can lead to symptoms such as fatigue, weakness, and shortness of breath due to decreased oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood. By transfusing PRBCs, the patient can receive a concentrated dose of red blood cells to help improve their oxygen levels and overall health.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Ondansetron can be administered through two main routes: orally (PO) and intravenously (IV). PO administration involves taking the medication by mouth, typically in the form of tablets or oral dissolving films. IV administration is done by injecting the medication directly into a vein, allowing for rapid onset of action. Ondansetron is not typically administered subcutaneously (C) or intramuscularly (IM).

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: ACE Inhibitors are primarily used in the treatment of hypertension (Choice A), heart failure (Choice B), and diabetic nephropathy (Choice D). They are not typically used in the treatment of hypotension. In fact, ACE inhibitors can lower blood pressure, so using them in individuals with hypotension may further decrease blood pressure and worsen the condition. Therefore, ACE Inhibitors are not used in the treatment of hypotension.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The effect of Beta Blockers is to decrease blood pressure and heart rate. Beta blockers work by blocking the action of adrenaline on beta receptors, leading to decreased heart rate and reduced force of contraction of the heart muscle. This results in a lowering of blood pressure, making beta blockers commonly prescribed for conditions such as hypertension, angina, and heart failure. Additionally, beta blockers are also used to manage certain arrhythmias and prevent heart attacks. Therefore, the correct answer is C - Decreases blood pressure and heart rate.