During data collection, the nurse learns the patient is allergic to shellfish. Which precautions should be implemented during the patient's hospitalization?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Rationale: 1. The correct answer is D because it addresses the essential action of noting the patient's allergy on the medical record and communicating it to all caretakers to prevent inadvertent exposure. 2. Choice A is not necessary unless the patient's allergy poses an infection control risk that warrants isolation. 3. Choice B is excessive and not required as long as cross-contamination is prevented during food preparation. 4. Choice C is unrelated to the patient's shellfish allergy and not a standard precaution in this scenario.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: recombination. Recombination is a type of mutation that involves the exchange of genetic material between two DNA molecules. This process can lead to genetic variation and evolution. Base substitution (A) is a point mutation where one base is replaced by another. Translocation (B) involves the movement of a segment of DNA to another location in the genome. Insertion sequences (C) are short segments of DNA that can move within the genome but are not considered a type of mutation. Recombination (D) is the only choice directly related to a type of mutation involving the exchange of genetic material.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The Calvin cycle is a series of biochemical reactions that take place in the stroma of chloroplasts during photosynthesis. It occurs in the dark phase (without direct light requirement), making choice D correct. Choice A is incorrect because the Calvin cycle is a C3 pathway, not C5. Choice B is incorrect because not all photoautotrophic microorganisms use the Calvin cycle; some use alternative pathways. Choice C is incorrect because C4 pathway is a different photosynthetic pathway that occurs in certain plants to minimize photorespiration.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale: 1. During an allergic reaction, allergens trigger the release of IgE antibodies. 2. The allergen binds with IgE antibodies, leading to the activation of mast cells. 3. Activated mast cells release histamine and other inflammatory mediators. 4. This cascade of events causes allergic symptoms. Therefore, option A is correct as it accurately describes the initial binding of allergen with IgE antibodies. Option B is incorrect as mast cells are activated, not deactivated. Option C is incorrect as the body is hypersensitive, not immunodeficient. Option D is incorrect as it is mast cells, not Helper T cells, that release histamine.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: DNA ligase catalyzes the formation of phosphodiester bonds between the sugar-phosphate backbone of DNA strands. The correct answer is B because DNA ligase specifically acts on these phosphodiester bonds to seal nicks in the DNA molecule during processes like DNA replication and repair. Option A, ester bonds, are not formed by DNA ligase. Option C, phosphohydroxyl bonds, is not a recognized type of bond in DNA ligation. Option D, amide bonds, are not formed by DNA ligase either. Thus, the correct answer is B as it aligns with the known function of DNA ligase.