During basic life support of a 10-year-old child, which of the following statements is correct?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C) Ambu bag can be used with or without oxygen. In pediatric basic life support, providing effective ventilation is crucial. Using an Ambu bag allows the healthcare provider to deliver breaths to the child's lungs, either with room air or oxygen. This is essential in maintaining oxygenation and ventilation during resuscitation efforts. Option A is incorrect because the priority during basic life support is to ensure adequate oxygenation and circulation before considering advanced airway interventions like intubation, which may delay critical interventions. Option B is incorrect as chest compressions are indicated in pediatric resuscitation if the child is unresponsive and not breathing normally, regardless of heart sounds. Option D is incorrect as the encircling technique is typically used in adult CPR, while in pediatric CPR, two-finger compressions or heel of one hand technique is recommended due to the child's smaller chest size. In an educational context, understanding the nuances of pediatric basic life support is vital for healthcare providers working with children. It is crucial to prioritize interventions based on the specific needs of pediatric patients to ensure the best possible outcomes during resuscitation efforts. Practicing scenarios and staying updated on pediatric resuscitation guidelines are essential for healthcare professionals working in pediatric settings.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In the context of pediatric nursing, understanding the appropriate use of nebulized adrenaline is crucial. In this question, the correct answer is D) Croup. Nebulized adrenaline is indicated in croup due to its vasoconstrictive and anti-inflammatory effects which help reduce airway swelling and improve breathing in children with croup. Anaphylactic shock (A) is typically treated with epinephrine, not nebulized adrenaline. Bronchial breathing (B) is a term used to describe the harsh, hollow sounds heard over the chest in conditions like pneumonia and is not an indication for nebulized adrenaline. Cardiac arrest (C) requires interventions such as CPR and defibrillation, not nebulized adrenaline. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of understanding specific medication indications in pediatric patients. Nurses need to be aware of the appropriate use of nebulized adrenaline in conditions like croup to provide safe and effective care to children in respiratory distress.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In this question, the correct answer is B) Aplastic anemia. Aplastic anemia is a condition characterized by the bone marrow's failure to produce an adequate number of blood cells, including reticulocytes, which are immature red blood cells. As a result, the reticulocytic count is expected to be low in aplastic anemia. A) Acute hemorrhage would not typically result in a low reticulocytic count; instead, it would trigger a response to increase red blood cell production, including the release of more reticulocytes. C) Sickle cell disease and D) Hereditary spherocytosis are both conditions that can lead to hemolytic anemia, where red blood cells are destroyed prematurely. In these conditions, the bone marrow attempts to compensate by increasing red blood cell production, including reticulocytes, leading to a higher reticulocytic count. Educationally, understanding the relationship between reticulocytic count and different anemias is crucial for pediatric nurses. It helps in interpreting lab results, guiding patient care, and determining appropriate interventions. By grasping these concepts, nurses can provide optimal care for pediatric patients with various hematologic conditions.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In pediatric shock, obstructive shock can be caused by conditions that physically obstruct blood flow. In this case, severe aortic stenosis (Option C) is the correct answer. Aortic stenosis narrows the opening of the aortic valve, leading to obstruction of blood flow from the left ventricle to the aorta, resulting in decreased cardiac output and shock. Myocardial infarction (Option A) is a cause of cardiogenic shock, where the heart's ability to pump effectively is compromised due to damage from a heart attack. Myocarditis (Option B) is an inflammatory condition that affects the heart muscle but does not cause obstructive shock. Severe mitral regurgitation (Option D) involves backflow of blood into the left atrium due to a leaky mitral valve and does not directly cause obstructive shock. In an educational context, understanding the different types of shock in pediatrics is crucial for pediatric nurses to recognize and respond effectively to life-threatening situations in pediatric patients. Knowledge of the specific etiologies and pathophysiology of each type of shock is essential for providing appropriate and timely interventions to stabilize the child's condition and prevent further deterioration.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, understanding the causes of obstructive shock is crucial for effective patient care. The correct answer is C) Severe aortic stenosis. Aortic stenosis can lead to obstructive shock in children by impairing the heart's ability to pump blood effectively, resulting in decreased cardiac output and poor perfusion to vital organs. Option A) Anaphylaxis is incorrect as it is a form of distributive shock caused by a systemic allergic reaction leading to vasodilation and increased capillary permeability. Option B) Myocarditis is incorrect as it is a form of cardiogenic shock resulting from inflammation of the heart muscle leading to decreased cardiac function. Option D) Severe mitral regurgitation is incorrect as it can lead to cardiogenic shock due to backward flow of blood into the left atrium, but it is not a cause of obstructive shock. Educationally, understanding the different types of shock and their underlying causes is essential for pediatric nurses to accurately assess and manage patients in critical conditions. By knowing the specific causes of obstructive shock, nurses can intervene promptly to stabilize the child's condition and prevent further deterioration.