During basic life support of a 10-year-old child:

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In pediatric basic life support, the correct answer is D) The encircling technique is used to perform chest compression. This technique is important because it ensures effective chest compressions in children by using both hands to encircle the child's chest and apply pressure. Option A is incorrect because intubation is not the priority during basic life support; maintaining circulation through chest compressions takes precedence. Option B is incorrect as chest compressions are indicated in all cases of cardiac arrest in children, regardless of heart sounds. Option C is incorrect as the recommended ratio of chest compressions to ventilation in pediatric BLS is 30:2, not 15:2. Educationally, it is crucial for pediatric nurses to be well-versed in pediatric basic life support techniques to effectively respond to emergencies involving children. Understanding the correct techniques, like the encircling method, can make a significant difference in the outcomes of pediatric cardiac arrest situations. Proper training and practice are essential to ensure pediatric nurses can confidently and competently perform life-saving interventions when caring for pediatric patients.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In pediatric basic life support, the correct statement that "Ambu bag can be used with or without oxygen" is crucial for effective resuscitation. Using an Ambu bag allows for the delivery of consistent and adequate ventilation to the child, whether oxygen is available or not. This is essential in maintaining oxygenation and circulation during cardiac arrest. Option A is incorrect because intubation is not the initial priority during basic life support in a child. Chest compressions to maintain circulation are paramount, followed by ventilation. Option B is incorrect as chest compressions are indicated in all cases of cardiac arrest in children, regardless of the quality of heart sounds. It is essential to provide immediate chest compressions to maintain blood flow to vital organs. Option D is incorrect because the encircling technique is not recommended for chest compressions in pediatric basic life support. The two-thumb or two-finger technique is preferred to ensure adequate compression depth and rate based on the child's size and needs. Educationally, understanding the correct use of an Ambu bag in pediatric basic life support is vital for healthcare professionals working with children. It ensures they can provide appropriate and timely interventions during emergencies, optimizing the child's chances of survival and recovery. Training on these techniques and priorities is crucial for healthcare providers to deliver high-quality care in pediatric resuscitation scenarios.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, the Look-Listen-Feel procedure is utilized to assess for breathing in a child. This sequence involves looking for chest rise and fall, listening for breath sounds, and feeling for airflow. The correct answer is C) To assess for breathing because this technique allows the nurse to comprehensively evaluate the child's respiratory status, which is crucial in pediatric assessments due to the higher vulnerability of children to respiratory issues. Option A) To assess for responsiveness is incorrect because Look-Listen-Feel is specific to assessing breathing, not responsiveness. Option B) To assess for airway patency is incorrect as this step involves different techniques such as checking for obstructions, not the specific process of Look-Listen-Feel. Option D) To assess for circulation is incorrect because circulation assessment involves other methods like checking for pulses and skin color, not part of the Look-Listen-Feel sequence. Educationally, understanding the correct use of the Look-Listen-Feel procedure is vital for pediatric nurses as it helps them accurately and swiftly assess a child's breathing status, enabling prompt interventions if any issues are identified, thereby potentially preventing respiratory complications in pediatric patients.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Nebulized adrenaline is indicated in the treatment of croup. Croup is a common respiratory condition in children characterized by a barking cough and stridor due to upper airway inflammation, often caused by a viral infection. Nebulized adrenaline helps reduce airway swelling and improve breathing in children with croup. Anaphylactic shock (Option A) is typically treated with intramuscular adrenaline rather than nebulized adrenaline. Adrenaline is used in anaphylaxis to counteract the severe allergic reaction that can lead to airway constriction and shock. Bronchial breathing (Option B) is a term used to describe abnormal breath sounds heard on auscultation, which is not an indication for nebulized adrenaline. Bronchial breathing can be associated with conditions like pneumonia or atelectasis. Cardiac arrest (Option C) requires cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and advanced cardiac life support interventions, not nebulized adrenaline. In cardiac arrest, the priority is to restore circulation through chest compressions and defibrillation. Educationally, understanding the appropriate use of nebulized adrenaline in croup is crucial for pediatric nurses to provide effective care for children with respiratory distress. It is important for nurses to be knowledgeable about the indications, contraindications, and appropriate interventions for various pediatric conditions to deliver safe and evidence-based care.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is option B) Aplastic anemia. In aplastic anemia, there is a decrease in the production of red blood cells, including reticulocytes which are immature red blood cells. This leads to a low reticulocytic count as the bone marrow is not able to generate enough new red blood cells. Option A) Acute hemorrhage would typically result in a high reticulocytic count as the body tries to compensate for the blood loss by producing more red blood cells. Option C) Sickle cell disease and option D) Hereditary spherocytosis are both conditions characterized by abnormal shapes or structures of red blood cells but do not directly affect the production of red blood cells in the bone marrow, so they would not cause a low reticulocytic count. Educationally, understanding the relationship between different conditions and their impact on blood cell production is crucial for pediatric nurses. Recognizing patterns in lab results can aid in diagnosing and managing various pediatric hematologic disorders effectively. It is essential for nurses to interpret laboratory values accurately to provide appropriate care and interventions for their pediatric patients.