During an outbreak in the hospital, all staff members were given immunoglobulin if they were not already immune to the disease. Which type of immunity will the staff who received the immunoglobulin have?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Passive immunity is the temporary resistance that has been donated to the host through transfusions of plasma proteins, immunoglobulins, or antitoxins, or transplacentally from mother to neonate. Passive immunity lasts only as long as these substances remain in the bloodstream. Active immunity is when the body produces its own antibodies against an antigen, from either infection with the pathogen or introduction of the pathogen in a vaccine.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: It is extremely useful to the individuals concerned and society if screening can lead to early diagnosis and successful control of the disease process. There is no point in doing a screening if there is no treatment or if there is a known risk of social stigma and discrimination if it becomes known that the person has the disease. Discussion and disagreement continue as to whether genetic information should be used in family planning.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The ecosocial approach challenges both the individually focused risk factor approach and molecular epidemiology (sequencing of genes to improve individual susceptibility), because it emphasizes the role of macro-level socioenvironmental factors, especially complex political and economic forces in health and illness.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Epidemiology' comes from Greek: 'epi' (upon), 'demos' (people), and 'logos' (study), meaning the study of what happens to people (B). Latin (A), French (C), and German (D) are incorrect origins.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Morbidity (B) is disease frequency or burden (e.g., illness rates). A is mortality, C is incidence, D is population at risk.