During an outbreak in a community, all hospital staff members were given immunoglobulin if

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Passive Immunity. When hospital staff members are given immunoglobulin during an outbreak, they are receiving pre-formed antibodies from an external source, providing immediate protection. This is a form of passive immunity, where immunity is transferred without the individual's immune system needing to produce antibodies. Acquired Immunity (C) refers to immunity developed by the body after exposure to an antigen, which is not the case here as the staff is receiving pre-formed antibodies. Passive Acquired Immunity (D) is not a recognized term in immunology, and Choice A is simply a restatement of the question without providing a specific answer.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Florence Nightingale, a pioneer in nursing, emphasized the importance of improving food, clothing, and cleanliness to promote healing in wounded soldiers. This intervention focuses on creating a hygienic environment to prevent infections, providing nutritious food to aid recovery, and ensuring patients are well-clothed for comfort. Blood transfusions and IV drips were not common practices during Nightingale's time. Early discharge from the hospital would not align with her emphasis on proper care and recovery. Thus, choice A is the most appropriate intervention based on Nightingale's principles.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Smoking cessation. Smoking cessation would lead to a longer life span due to the numerous harmful effects of smoking on health, such as increased risk of cardiovascular diseases, respiratory problems, and cancer. Quitting smoking reduces these risks and improves overall health, thus increasing life expectancy. Choice B, limiting physical activity, would have a negative impact on health as regular physical activity is essential for maintaining a healthy lifestyle and preventing chronic diseases. Choice C, eating only one vegetable a day, would not support optimal health as a varied and balanced diet rich in fruits and vegetables is important for overall well-being and longevity. In summary, smoking cessation is the most effective public health change to increase life span compared to limiting physical activity or restricting vegetable intake.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Rationale for choice A being correct: 1. Demand for services in the community is a direct reflection of the actual needs and priorities of the community members. 2. It indicates what services are lacking or insufficient, helping prioritize resources effectively. 3. Demand-driven approach ensures community participation and ownership in decision-making processes. 4. Meeting the demands helps improve community well-being and satisfaction. Summary for why other choices are incorrect: B: Expert's determination may overlook actual needs and preferences of the community. C: Health disparities are important but do not necessarily capture the full spectrum of community needs. D: Verbal expressions may not always align with the actual demands or priorities of the community.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Compare data. Epidemiological studies are used in the nursing process to analyze and compare data related to health issues, risk factors, and outcomes. By comparing data, nurses can identify patterns, trends, and potential interventions. B: Identifying objectives is not a direct application of epidemiological studies in the nursing process. C: Documenting effectiveness is related to evaluating interventions, not specifically using epidemiological studies. D: Checking the environment is important for assessing external factors, but it is not the primary purpose of epidemiological studies in the nursing process.