During an internal examination, the nurse notices that the cervix bulges outside the introitus when the patient is asked to strain. The nurse will document this as:

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Uterine prolapse, graded second degree. This is because when the cervix bulges outside the introitus with straining, it indicates descent of the uterus beyond the vaginal walls but not completely outside the introitus. This corresponds to a second-degree uterine prolapse. A: Incorrect. First-degree uterine prolapse involves descent of the uterus into the upper portion of the vagina. C: Incorrect. Third-degree uterine prolapse is when the cervix is completely outside the introitus. D: Incorrect. This finding indicates a uterine prolapse, not a normal finding.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Hot flashes. Menopause is characterized by the cessation of menstruation and a decline in estrogen levels, leading to symptoms like hot flashes. Vaginal dryness and discomfort are also common symptoms, but hot flashes are more specific to menopause. Mood swings can occur due to hormonal changes, but they are not as specific to menopause as hot flashes. Night sweats are similar to hot flashes but occur during the night and are not as indicative of menopause as hot flashes.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Proteins, such as meats and eggs. Proteins are broken down into amino acids in the body, and excess amino acids are converted into urea by the liver. Urea is a waste product that needs to be filtered out by the kidneys. Meats and eggs are rich sources of protein, hence they would provide the most urea to be filtered out. Grains (A), fruits (C), and oils (D) do not contain as much protein as meats and eggs, so they would not produce as much urea for the kidneys to filter out.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: The kidney. The kidney is the site of blood filtration in the human body, specifically in the nephrons where waste products are removed and filtered blood is returned to circulation. The heart (A) pumps blood, the small intestine (C) aids in digestion, and the lung (D) is responsible for gas exchange. The kidney is uniquely designed for blood filtration through its specialized structures like glomeruli and tubules.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because it is a normal anatomical variation for the left testicle to hang lower than the right due to the longer length of the left spermatic cord. This is called the "cremasteric reflex." Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because the testicles should feel similar in firmness, size, and tenderness on examination.