During an assessment of a 62-year-old man, the nurse notices the patient has a stooped posture, shuffling walk with short steps, flat facial expression, and pill-rolling finger movements. These findings would be consistent with:

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Parkinsonism. These symptoms are classic signs of Parkinson's disease, a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by tremors, bradykinesia, rigidity, and postural instability. Stooped posture, shuffling walk, flat facial expression (hypomimia), and pill-rolling finger movements are commonly seen in patients with Parkinson's disease. Other choices are incorrect because: B: Cerebral palsy presents with motor dysfunction from early childhood due to brain damage, not typically seen in adults. C: Cerebellar ataxia involves incoordination, tremors, and unsteady gait but does not typically present with the specific symptoms described. D: Muscular dystrophy is a genetic muscle disorder leading to muscle weakness and wasting, not typically associated with the specific motor symptoms described.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Transient ischemic attack (TIA). Given the patient's symptoms of dizziness, visual changes, and difficulty speaking, TIA is the most likely diagnosis. TIAs are temporary episodes of decreased blood flow to the brain, causing these symptoms. Other choices are incorrect because migraines typically present with headache, multiple sclerosis with neurological deficits over time, and brain tumors with progressive symptoms. In this case, the sudden onset and transient nature of symptoms point towards TIA.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, Prefrontal cortex. Disorganized thinking in schizophrenia is linked to executive dysfunction, which is primarily controlled by the prefrontal cortex. This brain region is responsible for decision-making, planning, and cognitive control. Dysfunction in the prefrontal cortex can result in impaired reasoning and problem-solving abilities, leading to disorganized thinking. Brainstem (A) is primarily involved in basic functions like breathing and heart rate regulation, not higher cognitive functions. Cerebellum (B) is responsible for motor coordination, not higher-order thinking. Temporal lobe (C) is involved in memory and auditory processing, but not specifically associated with disorganized thinking in schizophrenia.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: dry mouth. Muscarinic-receptor blockade inhibits the activation of the parasympathetic nervous system, leading to decreased saliva production and dry mouth. Gynecomastia (B) is a side effect of antipsychotic medications, not muscarinic-receptor blockade. Pseudoparkinsonism (C) is a side effect of dopamine receptor blockade. Orthostatic hypotension (D) is a side effect of alpha-1 receptor blockade, not muscarinic-receptor blockade.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A. A white blood cell count of 3000 mm3 and a granulocyte count of 1500 mm3 indicate severe neutropenia, a known side effect of clozapine. This condition requires immediate attention to prevent serious infections. The nurse should report these results to the healthcare provider for further evaluation and possible discontinuation of clozapine. Choice B is incorrect because giving the next dose could exacerbate the neutropenia and increase the risk of infection. Choice C is incorrect as aspirin is not indicated and forcing fluids is not the appropriate intervention for neutropenia. Choice D is also incorrect as repeating the laboratory tests may delay necessary interventions for the patient's condition.